Downsizing antenna technologies for mobile and satellite communications

Techniques to reduce antenna size are categorized into two main classes: downsizing by antenna techniques and downsizing by raising the operating frequency. The JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) antenna technologies that have either recently been developed or proposed for the future communication systems have mostly involved the downsizing technologies discussed here. These technologies have been applied in two areas, mobile antennas and satellite antennas. Both of these areas are discussed in some detail.<<ETX>>