Toxicity of gold nanoparticles functionalized with cationic and anionic side chains.

The structure and properties of gold nanoparticles make them useful for a wide array of biological application. Toxicity, however, has been observed at high concentrations using these systems. MTT, hemolysis, and bacterial viability assays were used to explore differential toxicity among the cell types used, using 2 nm core particles. These studies show that cationic particles are moderately toxic, whereas anionic particles are quite nontoxic. Concentration-dependent lysis mediated by initial electrostatic binding was observed in dye release studies using lipid vesicles, providing the probable mechanism for observed toxicity with the cationic MMPCs.

[1]  Ming Zheng,et al.  Ethylene glycol monolayer protected nanoparticles for eliminating nonspecific binding with biological molecules. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[2]  R. Georgieva,et al.  Immobilization of aminothiols on poly(oxyalkylene phosphates). Formation of poly(oxyethylene phosphates)/cysteamine complexes and their radioprotective efficiency. , 2002, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[3]  V. Hruby.  Designing peptide receptor agonists and antagonists , 2002, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[4]  S. Lummis,et al.  An improved method of preparing microcarriers for biolistic transfection. , 2002, Brain research. Brain research protocols.

[5]  R. Murray,et al.  DNA binding of an ethidium intercalator attached to a monolayer-protected gold cluster. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[6]  A. Gewirtz,et al.  Nucleic-acid therapeutics: basic principles and recent applications , 2002, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[7]  S. Gellman,et al.  Mimicry of Host-Defense Peptides by Unnatural Oligomers: Antimicrobial β-Peptides , 2002 .

[8]  K. Edwards,et al.  Development of EGF-conjugated liposomes for targeted delivery of boronated DNA-binding agents. , 2002, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[9]  Vincent M Rotello,et al.  Inhibition of chymotrypsin through surface binding using nanoparticle-based receptors , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  S. Wong,et al.  Transfection of liver in vivo by biolistic particle delivery , 2002, Molecular biotechnology.

[11]  M. Ogris,et al.  Melittin Enables Efficient Vesicular Escape and Enhanced Nuclear Access of Nonviral Gene Delivery Vectors* , 2001, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[12]  Catherine J. Murphy,et al.  Oligonucleotide Adsorption to Gold Nanoparticles: A Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study of Intrinsically Bent DNA , 2001 .

[13]  C. Tondre,et al.  Preparation and Properties of Vesicles Formed from Phospholipid Analogues of N-(Phosphonoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) by Sonication or Extrusion: Transition Temperature, Particle Size, Glucose Entrapment, and 31P NMR , 2001 .

[14]  M. Sastry,et al.  On the preparation, characterization, and enzymatic activity of fungal protease-gold colloid bioconjugates. , 2001, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[15]  Kazunori Kataoka,et al.  Quantitative and Reversible Lectin-Induced Association of Gold Nanoparticles Modified with α-Lactosyl-ω-mercapto-poly(ethylene glycol) , 2001 .

[16]  W. DeGrado,et al.  De Novo Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Antimicrobial β-Peptides , 2001 .

[17]  V. Rotello,et al.  Inhibition of DNA transcription using cationic mixed monolayer protected gold clusters. , 2001, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  C. Tondre,et al.  Vesicle-Forming Properties of New Phospholipid Analogues Derived from N-Phosphonoacetyl-l-aspartate (PALA): Particle Features and Morphology in Relation with Alkyl Chain Lengths† , 2001 .

[19]  C. Leuschner,et al.  Targeted destruction of androgen‐sensitive and ‐insensitive prostate cancer cells and xenografts through luteinizing hormone receptors , 2001, The Prostate.

[20]  E. Campos,et al.  Effect of the alkyl chain length on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of quaternary ammonium based surfactants. , 1999, Chemosphere.

[21]  L. Gierasch,et al.  Probing the folding pathway of a beta-clam protein with single-tryptophan constructs. , 1998, Folding & design.

[22]  A. Schäfer,et al.  Inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by a reactive metabolite of acetaminophen and mass spectral characterization of an arylated active site peptide. , 1997, Chemical research in toxicology.

[23]  D. T. Stanton,et al.  Effects of surfactants on the rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, in a chronic toxicity test and in the development of qsars , 1997 .

[24]  T. Wasserman,et al.  Use of a colorimetric microtiter (MTT) assay in determining the radiosensitivity of cells from murine solid tumors. , 1988, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[25]  Vincent M Rotello,et al.  Gold nanoparticle-mediated transfection of mammalian cells. , 2002, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[26]  Robert Langer,et al.  Moving smaller in drug discovery and delivery , 2002, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[27]  I. Willner,et al.  Amplified detection of DNA and analysis of single-base mismatches by the catalyzed deposition of gold on Au-nanoparticles. , 2001, The Analyst.

[28]  J. Vives-Rego,et al.  Fate and effect of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium surfactants in the aquatic environment. , 2001, Environmental pollution.