Behaviour of Granular Soils Under Environmentally Induced Cyclic Loads

Cyclic loading and its impacts are of practical relevance for many problems in geotechnical engineering. Some examples of non-endogenous nature are illustrated in Fig. 1. A cyclic loading may be caused by traffic (high-speed trains, magnetic levitation trains), industrial sources (crane rails, machine foundations), wind and waves (on-shore and off-shore wind power plants, coastal structures) or repeated filling and emptying processes (watergates, tanks and silos). Furthermore, construction processes (e.g. vibroinstallation of sheet piles) and mechanical compaction (e.g. vibratory compaction) impose cyclic loads into the soil. A cyclic loading of the soil may be also caused by endogenous sources. Earthquake events due to a slip between adjacent tectonic plates lead to a propagation of shear waves. The shear waves induce a cyclic shearing of the soil. The cyclic loading of the soil can lead to an accumulation of permanent deformations or to a possible liquefaction due to a build-up of excess pore water pressure.

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