Unscented Kalman Filter Based on Spectrum Sensing in a Cognitive Radio Network Using an Adaptive Fuzzy System

In this paper, we proposed the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) based on cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme in a cognitive radio network (CRN) using an adaptive fuzzy system—in this proposed scheme, firstly, the UKF to apply the nonlinear system which is used to minimize the mean square estimation error; secondly, an adaptive fuzzy logic rule based on an inference engine to estimate the local decisions to detect a licensed primary user (PU) that is applied at the fusion center (FC). After that, the FC makes a global decision by using a defuzzification procedure based on a proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieved better detection gain than the conventional schemes like an equal gain combining (EGC) based soft fusion rule and a Kalman filter (KL) based soft fusion rule under any conditions. Moreover, the proposed scheme achieved the lowest global probability of error compared to both the conventional EGC and KF schemes.

[1]  Kazuki Maruta,et al.  Analysis of Nonlinear Bypass Route Computation for Wired and Wireless Network Cooperation Recovery System , 2018, Big Data Cogn. Comput..

[2]  Li Yuan,et al.  Cyclostationary feature detection based spectrum sensing algorithm under complicated electromagnetic environment in cognitive radio networks , 2015, China Communications.

[3]  B. Suseela,et al.  Non-cooperative spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive radio-a survey , 2015, 2015 IEEE Technological Innovation in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR).

[4]  Manjunath V. Joshi,et al.  SNR wall for generalized energy detector in the presence of noise uncertainty and fading , 2019, Phys. Commun..

[5]  P. Vijayakumar,et al.  Fuzzy Logic Based Decision System for Context Aware Cognitive Waveform Generation , 2017, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[6]  Sitadevi Bharatula,et al.  An Intelligent Fuzzy Based Energy Detection Approach for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing , 2016 .

[7]  Min Jia,et al.  Optimal primary-user mobility aware parameters design of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC).

[8]  Samrat L. Sabat,et al.  Parzen window entropy based spectrum sensing in cognitive radio , 2016, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[9]  Neeraj Varshney,et al.  An Improved Energy Detector for Mobile Cognitive Users Over Generalized Fading Channels , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[10]  Van-Dinh Nguyen,et al.  Cooperative Prediction-and-Sensing-Based Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking.

[11]  L.J. Greenstein,et al.  An empirically-based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environments , 1998, IEEE GLOBECOM 1998 (Cat. NO. 98CH36250).

[12]  Yong-Hwan Lee,et al.  Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Sensing Error Minimization in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2009, Int. J. Commun. Networks Inf. Secur..

[13]  Mahamod Ismail,et al.  A comparison between binary and continuous genetic algorithm for collaborative spectrum optimization in cognitive radio network , 2011, 2011 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development.

[14]  Christos G. Tsinos,et al.  Decentralized Adaptive Eigenvalue-Based Spectrum Sensing for Multiantenna Cognitive Radio Systems , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[15]  Symeon Chatzinotas,et al.  Simultaneous Sensing and Transmission for Cognitive Radios With Imperfect Signal Cancellation , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Olav Tirkkonen,et al.  Cooperative spectrum sensing of OFDM signals using largest eigenvalue distributions , 2009, 2009 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[17]  Enda Barrett,et al.  An enhanced sum rate in the cluster based cognitive radio relay network using the sequential approach for the future Internet of Things , 2018, Hum. centric Comput. Inf. Sci..

[18]  Min Chen,et al.  A 5G Cognitive System for Healthcare , 2017, Big Data Cogn. Comput..

[19]  Luigi Paura,et al.  Decision Maker Approaches for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing: Participate or Not Participate in Sensing? , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[20]  Qicai Shi,et al.  Performance Analysis of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Suzuki Fading Channels , 2007, 2007 2nd International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications.

[21]  Lei Zhang,et al.  Performance analysis of cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm for cognitive radio networks , 2010, 2010 International Conference On Computer Design and Applications.

[22]  Luigi Paura,et al.  On the impact of primary traffic correlation in TV White Space , 2016, Ad Hoc Networks.

[23]  Xiaojun Jing,et al.  Subspace-Based Method for Spectrum Sensing With Multiple Users Over Fading Channel , 2018, IEEE Communications Letters.

[24]  Bin Li,et al.  A Novel Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks With Noise Uncertainty , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[25]  D. Gingras,et al.  Comparison between the unscented Kalman filter and the extended Kalman filter for the position estimation module of an integrated navigation information system , 2004, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2004.

[26]  An Jian Wei,et al.  Comparative study of spectrum sensing techniques base on techniques non-cooperative in cognitive radio networks , 2016, 2016 5th International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT).

[27]  D.S. Bernstein,et al.  A Comparison of the Extended and Unscented Kalman Filters for Discrete-Time Systems with Nondifferentiable Dynamics , 2007, 2007 American Control Conference.

[28]  Rajbir Kaur,et al.  Fuzzy Logic Based Spectrum Handover Approach in Cognitive Radio Network: A Survey , 2018, 2018 Second International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA).

[29]  Jeffrey K. Uhlmann,et al.  New extension of the Kalman filter to nonlinear systems , 1997, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[30]  Nityananda Sarma,et al.  Dynamic Threshold based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing using Coalitional Game for CRNs , 2018, 2018 5th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN).

[31]  Enda Barrett,et al.  Maximization of sum rate in AF-cognitive radio networks using superposition approach and n-out-of-k rule , 2017, 2017 28th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC).

[32]  Lucas dos Santos Costa,et al.  Performance of Blind Cooperative Spectrum Sensing under Nonuniform Signal and Noise Powers , 2018 .

[33]  Insoo Koo,et al.  A Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Using Fuzzy Logic for Cognitive Radio Networks , 2010, KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst..

[34]  Xia Liu,et al.  Robust cooperative spectrum sensing in dense cognitive vehicular networks , 2017, 2017 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC).

[35]  Siddharth Deshmukh,et al.  Blind parameter estimation based matched filter detection for cognitive radio networks , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP).

[36]  Maamar Bettayeb,et al.  Interval sliding mode observer design for linear and nonlinear systems , 2018 .

[37]  Saleh R. Al-Araji,et al.  Adaptive threshold and optimal frame duration for multi-taper spectrum sensing in cognitive radio , 2019, ICT Express.

[38]  Zhen Hu,et al.  Cognitive Radio Network as Wireless Sensor Network (III): Passive target intrusion detection and experimental demonstration , 2012, 2012 IEEE Radar Conference.

[39]  Li-Xin Wang,et al.  Adaptive fuzzy systems and control - design and stability analysis , 1994 .

[40]  Mohamed-Slim Alouini,et al.  On the Energy Detection of Unknown Signals Over Fading Channels , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[41]  Yonghua Wang,et al.  A Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Trust and Fuzzy Logic for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks , 2013 .

[42]  Heejung Yu,et al.  A Cluster-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Network Using Eigenvalue Detection Technique with Superposition Approach , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[43]  Chang Liu,et al.  On the Eigenvalue Based Detection for Multiantenna Cognitive Radio System , 2016, Mob. Inf. Syst..

[44]  Jimson Mathew,et al.  A Fuzzy Approach to Decision Fusion in Cognitive Radio , 2015 .

[45]  Geoffrey Ye Li,et al.  Soft Combination and Detection for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2008, IEEE GLOBECOM 2007 - IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[46]  Insoo Koo,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing using Kalman Filter based Adaptive Fuzzy System for Cognitive Radio Networks , 2012, KSII Trans. Internet Inf. Syst..

[47]  Heejung Yu,et al.  Superallocation and Cluster‐Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in 5G Cognitive Radio Network , 2018 .

[48]  Zhongding Lei,et al.  IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard , 2009, IEEE Communications Magazine.