Speech Input and Output

When a user speaks to a conversational interface, the system has to be able to recognize what was said. The automatic speech recognition (ASR) component processes the acoustic signal that represents the spoken utterance and outputs a sequence of word hypotheses, thus transforming the speech into text. The other side of the coin is text-to-speech synthesis (TTS), in which written text is transformed into speech. There has been extensive research in both these areas, and striking improvements have been made over the past decade. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the processes of ASR and TTS.

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