A Review of Tax Research

In this paper, we present a review of tax research. We survey four main areas of the literature: (1) the informational role of income tax expense reported for financial accounting, (2) corporate tax avoidance, (3) corporate decision-making including investment, capital structure, and organizational form, and (4) taxes and asset pricing. We summarize the research areas and questions examined to date and what we have learned or not learned from the work completed thus far. In addition, we provide our opinion as to the interesting and important issues for future research.

[1]  G. Plesko The Role of Taxes in Organizational Choice: S Conversions After the Tax Reform Act of 1986 , 1995 .

[2]  D. Romer,et al.  A narrative analysis of postwar tax changes , 2008 .

[3]  J. Edgerton Series Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . Effects of the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut : Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts , 2010 .

[4]  Rosanne Altshuler,et al.  The Effects of U.S. Tax Policy on the Income Repatriation Patterns of U.S. Multinational Corporations , 1991 .

[5]  Ronald W. Masulis,et al.  Optimal Capital Structure Under Corporate and Personal Taxation , 1980 .

[6]  Edward L. Maydew,et al.  Capital Gains Taxes and Asset Prices: Capitalization or Lock-In? , 2006 .

[7]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Last‐Chance Earnings Management: Using the Tax Expense to Meet Analysts' Forecasts* , 2004 .

[8]  R. Sansing,et al.  The Effect of 'Invisible' Tax Preferences on Investment and Tax Preference Measures , 2007 .

[9]  R. Litzenberger,et al.  The effect of personal taxes and dividends on capital asset prices , 1979 .

[10]  Jennifer L. Blouin,et al.  Capital Gains Taxes and Equity Trading: Empirical Evidence , 2003 .

[11]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Earnings Management, Corporate Tax Shelters, and Book-Tax Alignment , 2009, National Tax Journal.

[12]  M. Oler,et al.  Examining Investor Expectations Concerning Tax Savings on the Repatriations of Foreign Earnings under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 , 2007 .

[13]  David P. Weber,et al.  Taxes and Ex-Dividend Day Returns: Evidence From REITs , 2009, National Tax Journal.

[14]  David A. Guenther,et al.  Fundamentals of Shareholder Tax Capitalization , 2006 .

[15]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  Did the 2003 Tax Act Reduce the Cost of Equity Capital? , 2006 .

[16]  Michael S. Drake,et al.  Book-Tax Conformity, Earnings Persistence and the Association Between Earnings and Future Cash Flows , 2009 .

[17]  Scott D. Dyreng The Cost of Private Debt Covenant Violation , 2009 .

[18]  Gailen L. Hite,et al.  Ex dividend day stock price behavior: discreteness or tax-induced clienteles? , 1998 .

[19]  G. Phillips,et al.  The Industry Life Cycle and Acquisitions and Investment: Does Firm Organization Matter? , 2005 .

[20]  The Effects of Executives on Corporate Tax Avoidance , 2009 .

[21]  Krishna R. Kumar,et al.  The Information Content of the Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance , 2003 .

[22]  B. Douglas Bernheim,et al.  Tax Policy and the Dividend Puzzle , 1990 .

[23]  Sheridan Titman,et al.  Why Do Firms Hold so Much Cash? A Tax-Based Explanation , 2006 .

[24]  David A. Guenther,et al.  The Effect of Tax-Exempt Investors and Risk on Stock Ownership and Expected Returns , 2010 .

[25]  D. Kemsley,et al.  Dividend taxation in firm valuation: New evidence , 1999 .

[26]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Old Rules and New Realities: Corporate Tax Policy in a Global Setting , 2004, National Tax Journal.

[27]  Petro Lisowsky An Examination of FIN 48 : Tax Shelters , Auditor Independence , and Corporate Governance , 2010 .

[28]  A. Auerbach Share Valuation and Corporate Equity Policy , 1979 .

[29]  Brian J. Bushee The Influence of Institutional Investors on Myopic R&D Investment Behavior , 1999 .

[30]  Paulo Renato Soares Terra,et al.  The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment , 2008 .

[31]  Douglas A. Shackelford,et al.  Empirical Tax Research in Accounting , 2000 .

[32]  Shigeru Watanabe Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical Analysis , 1986 .

[33]  Douglas J. Skinner,et al.  What Should GAAP Look Like? A Survey and Economic Analysis , 2009 .

[34]  C. Mayer,et al.  Dividend Taxes and Share Prices: Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts , 2001 .

[35]  G. Mandelker Risk and return: The case of merging firms , 1974 .

[36]  Mihir A. Desai The Decentering of the Global Firm , 2008 .

[37]  Li Jin Capital Gain Tax Overhang and Price Pressure , 2004 .

[38]  Mark Lang,et al.  THE VALUE RELEVANCE OF GERMAN ACCOUNTING MEASURES: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS , 1994 .

[39]  R. Hubbard,et al.  Studies in International Taxation , 1993 .

[40]  John E. Core,et al.  The Use of Equity Grants to Manage Optimal Equity Incentive Levels , 1999 .

[41]  Gary C. Biddle,et al.  Accounting Quality and Firm-Level Capital Investment , 2006 .

[42]  Gary C. Biddle,et al.  How Does Financial Reporting Quality Relate to Investment Efficiency? , 2009 .

[43]  Y. Loewenstein The Accounting Review , 1972 .

[44]  R. Gordon,et al.  Taxes and entrepreneurial risk-taking: Theory and evidence for the U.S. ☆ , 2007 .

[45]  John R. Robinson,et al.  Capital Gains Taxes and Acquisition Activity: Evidence of the Lock-In Effect , 2007 .

[46]  Anne Beatty,et al.  Motives for forming research & development financing organizations , 1995 .

[47]  Daniel N. Shaviro Internationalization of Income Measures and the U.S. Book-Tax Relationship , 2009, National Tax Journal.

[48]  S. Rego Tax Avoidance Activities of U.S. Multinational Corporations , 2002 .

[49]  James N. Myers,et al.  Dividend Taxes and Firm Valuation: A Re-Examination , 2001 .

[50]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Dividend Policy Inside the Multinational Firm , 2003 .

[51]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  Are Shareholder Dividend Taxes on Corporate Retained Earnings Impounded in Equity Prices?: Additional Evidence and Analysis , 2001 .

[52]  F. Modigliani,et al.  CORPORATE INCOME TAXES AND THE COST OF CAPITAL: A CORRECTION , 1963 .

[53]  Steven R. Matsunaga,et al.  Disqualifying Dispositions Of Incentive Stock-Options - Tax Benefits Versus Financial-Reporting Costs , 1992 .

[54]  A. Greenspan Testimony before the Senate Finance Committee , 1990 .

[55]  M. Devereux,et al.  Dissecting dividend decisions: some clues about the effects of dividend taxation from recent UK reforms , 2005 .

[56]  Merle Erickson,et al.  The Effect of Seller Income Taxes on Acquisition Price: Evidence from Purchases of Taxable and Tax-Exempt Hospitals , 2004 .

[57]  Jason G. Cummins,et al.  The Stock Market and Investment in the New Economy: Some Tangible Facts and Intangible Fictions , 2000 .

[58]  M. McNichols,et al.  Evidence of Earnings Management from the Provision for Bad Debts , 1988 .

[59]  S. Viswanathan,et al.  Valuation Waves and Merger Activity: The Empirical Evidence , 2004 .

[60]  Edward L. Maydew,et al.  The impact of taxes on the choice of divestiture method , 1999 .

[61]  Tony Davila,et al.  Management Accounting Systems Adoption Decisions: Evidence and Performance Implications from Startup Companies , 2004 .

[62]  Ruud A. De Mooij,et al.  Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment: A Synthesis of Empirical Research , 2001, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[63]  Robert M. Dammon,et al.  The Optimal Trading and Pricing of Securities with Asymmetric Capital Gains Taxes and Transaction Costs , 1996 .

[64]  Ashok Robin,et al.  Incentives Versus Standards: Properties of Accounting Income in Four East Asian Countries, and Implications for Acceptance of IAS , 2000 .

[65]  Jennifer L. Blouin,et al.  Pre-Empting Disclosure? Firms’ Decisions Prior to FIN No. 48 , 2010 .

[66]  René M. Stulz,et al.  Why Do Private Acquirers Pay so Little Compared to Public Acquirers? , 2007 .

[67]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  Taxes and Business Strategy. , 1992 .

[68]  P. Mo,et al.  Managerial autonomy and tax compliance : an empirical study on international transfer pricing , 2006 .

[69]  J. Poterba Taxation and Corporate Payout Policy , 2004 .

[70]  Laura T. Starks,et al.  Greener Pastures and the Impact of Dynamic Institutional Preferences , 2003 .

[71]  Gregory S. Miller,et al.  Determinants of the Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets Under SFAS No. 109 , 1998 .

[72]  Edward L. Maydew,et al.  How Much Will Firms Pay for Earnings that Do Not Exist? Evidence of Taxes Paid on Allegedly Fraudulent Earnings , 2002 .

[73]  P. Healy,et al.  A Review of the Earnings Management Literature and its Implications for Standard Setting , 1998 .

[74]  Merle M. Erickson The Effect of Taxes on the Structure of Corporate Acquisitions , 1998 .

[75]  Harry DeAngelo,et al.  The Irrelevance of the Mm Dividend Irrelevance Theorem , 2005 .

[76]  Douglas J. Skinner,et al.  Corporate Payout Policy , 2009 .

[77]  Benjamin C. Ayers Deferred Tax Accounting Under SFAS No. 109: An Empirical Investigation of its Incremental Value-relevance Relative to APB No. 11 , 1998 .

[78]  K. Klassen,et al.  A Cross-national Comparison of R&D Expenditure Decisions: Tax Incentives and Financial Constraints* , 2004 .

[79]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  Firms Responses To Anticipated Reductions In Tax Rates - The Tax-Reform Act Of 1986 , 1992 .

[80]  S. Barnett,et al.  Nonlinear response of firm investment to Q:: Testing a model of convex and non-convex adjustment costs1 , 1998 .

[81]  J. Altamuro The Determinants of Synthetic Lease Financing and the Impact on the Cost of Future Debt , 2006 .

[82]  Michael Willenborg,et al.  Capital gains tax rates and the cost of capital for small business: evidence from the IPO market , 1999 .

[83]  Peter G. Klein The capital gain lock-in effect and long-horizon return reversal , 2001 .

[84]  Geoffrey A. Tate CEO overconfidence and corporate investment , 2006 .

[85]  J. Hines,et al.  Lessons from Behavioral Responses to International Taxation , 1999, National Tax Journal.

[86]  D. Cumming,et al.  Contracts and Exits in Venture Capital Finance , 2008 .

[87]  A. Auerbach,et al.  NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE EFFECTS OF TAXATION ON THE MERGER DECISION , 2002 .

[88]  Harry Grubert,et al.  Taxing multinationals in a world with portfolio flows and R&D: Is capital export neutrality obsolete? , 1995 .

[89]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Economic Activity , 2005 .

[90]  John E. Core,et al.  Stock Option Plans for Non-Executive Employees , 2000 .

[91]  R. Hubbard,et al.  Tax Policy and Business Investment , 2002 .

[92]  D. Yermack,et al.  Pay Me Later: Inside Debt and its Role in Managerial Compensation , 2005 .

[93]  Taxes and the Backdating of Stock Option Exercise Dates , 2009 .

[94]  Shane Heitzman,et al.  Taxes, Leverage, and the Cost of Equity Capital , 2005 .

[95]  R. McDonald Is it Optimal to Accelerate the Payment of Income Tax on Share-Based Compensation? , 2003 .

[96]  S. P. Kothari,et al.  The Effect of International Institutional Factors on Properties of Accounting Earnings , 1999 .

[97]  George M. Constantinides,et al.  Capital Market Equilibrium with Personal Tax , 1983 .

[98]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Evidence of differing market responses to beating analysts’ targets through tax expense decreases , 2008 .

[99]  Bradley S. Blaylock,et al.  Tax Avoidance, Large Positive Book-Tax Differences and Earnings Persistence , 2010 .

[100]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  The Effects of Changes in Tax Laws on Corporate Reorganization Activity , 1989 .

[101]  L. Copithorne,et al.  International Corporate Transfer Prices and Government Policy , 1971 .

[102]  John R. Robinson,et al.  The Influence of Income Taxes on the Use of Inside and Outside Debt By Small Businesses , 2000, National Tax Journal.

[103]  Peter J. Frischmann,et al.  Economic consequences of increasing the conformity in accounting for uncertain tax benefits , 2008 .

[104]  J. Slemrod Why people pay taxes : tax compliance and enforcement , 1992 .

[105]  Kenan-Flagler,et al.  Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Are Really Investment-Investment Sensitivities ∗ , 2008 .

[106]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Institutional Tax Clienteles and Payout Policy , 2007 .

[107]  Alan D. Jagolinzer,et al.  Chief Executive Officer Equity Incentives and Accounting Irregularities , 2009 .

[108]  Michael J. Barclay Dividends, taxes, and common stock prices: The ex-dividend day behavior of common stock prices before the income tax , 1987 .

[109]  William A. Reese Capital Gains Taxation and Stock Market Activity: Evidence from IPOs , 1998 .

[110]  Michelle Hanlon,et al.  Accounting for the Tax Benefits of Employee Stock Options and Implications for Research , 2001 .

[111]  J. Jacob Taxes and transfer pricing: Income shifting and the volume of intrafirm transfers , 1996 .

[112]  David P. Weber Do Analysts and Investors Fully Appreciate the Implications of Book‐Tax Differences for Future Earnings?* , 2009 .

[113]  L. Meulbroek,et al.  The Efficiency of Equity-Linked Compensation: Understanding the Full Cost of Awarding Executive Stock Options , 2000 .

[114]  L. Revsine,et al.  Financial Reporting and Analysis , 1999 .

[115]  David G. Hartman Tax Policy and Foreign Direct Investment , 1981 .

[116]  Kristian D. Allee,et al.  The Demand for Financial Statements in an Unregulated Environment: an Examination of the Production and Use of Financial Statements By Privately-Held Small Businesses , 2009 .

[117]  Rosanne Altshuler,et al.  Has U.S. Investment Abroad Become More Sensitive to Tax Rates? , 1998 .

[118]  Timothy Erickson,et al.  Measurement Error and the Relationship between Investment and q , 2000, Journal of Political Economy.

[119]  K. Hassett,et al.  The Effect of Dividend Tax Relief on Investment Incentives , 2003, National Tax Journal.

[120]  T. J. Brennan Cash-Flow and Market Response to Repatriation , 2008 .

[121]  Mihir A. Desai The Degradation of Reported Corporate Profits , 2005 .

[122]  Marjorie K. Shelley,et al.  The Influence of Tax Costs on Organizational Choice in the Natural Resource Industry , 2000 .

[123]  Terrance Odean,et al.  Are individual investors tax savvy? Evidence from retail and discount brokerage accounts , 2004 .

[124]  Jennifer L. Blouin,et al.  The Economics of Restricted Stock and the Section 83(B) Election , 2010 .

[125]  Murray Z. Frank,et al.  Trade-Off and Pecking Order Theories of Debt , 2007 .

[126]  John R. Robinson,et al.  THE IMPACT OF FEDERAL TAXES ON THE USE OF DEBT BY CLOSELY HELD CORPORATIONS , 1997, National Tax Journal.

[127]  J. Poterba,et al.  How Burdensome are Capital Gains Taxes? , 1986 .

[128]  R. Sansing,et al.  Governing private foundations using the tax law , 2006 .

[129]  J. Pratt,et al.  The use of financial accounting choice to support aggressive tax positions: Public and private firms , 1996 .

[130]  John E. Core,et al.  Have the tax benefits of debt been overestimated , 2010 .

[131]  Anil Shivdasani,et al.  How Do Pensions Affect Corporate Capital Structure Decisions? , 2009 .

[132]  Kevin J. Murphy,et al.  Performance Pay and Top Management Incentives , 1990 .

[133]  Shiing-wu Wang,et al.  Tax Benefits as a Source of Merger Premiums in Acquisitions of Private Corporations , 2007 .

[134]  Bruce D. Grundy,et al.  Changing Risk, Changing Risk Premiums, and Dividend Yield Effects , 1990 .

[135]  C. Chu,et al.  Internal Control vs External Manipulation: A Model of Corporate Income Tax Evasion , 2002 .

[136]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Taxation and Corporate Governance: An Economic Approach , 2007 .

[137]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Domestic Effects of the Foreign Activities of U.S. Multinationals , 2008 .

[138]  J. Graham,et al.  The Effects of the Length of the Tax-Loss Carryback Period on Tax Receipts and Corporate Marginal Tax Rates , 2009, National Tax Journal.

[139]  Benjamin C. Ayers,et al.  Taxable Income as a Performance Measure: The Effects of Tax Planning and Earnings Quality , 2008 .

[140]  Jennifer L. Blouin,et al.  The Incentives for Tax Planning , 2011 .

[141]  B. Lev,et al.  Fundamental Information Analysis , 1993 .

[142]  The Persistence and Pricing of Earnings, Accruals, and Cash Flows When Firms Have Large Book-Tax Differences , 2002 .

[143]  Carla K. Hayn Tax attributes as determinants of shareholder gains in corporate acquisitions , 1989 .

[144]  John R. Robinson,et al.  Performance Measurement of Corporate Tax Departments , 2010 .

[145]  Alicia Robb,et al.  The Capital Structure Decisions of New Firms , 2009 .

[146]  Michelle H. Yetman,et al.  Capital Gains Taxes, Pricing Spreads and Arbitrage: Evidence from Cross-Listed Firms in the U.S. , 2009 .

[147]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Materiality and Contingent Tax Liability Reporting , 2002 .

[148]  Van R. Mayhall Capital Gains Taxation , 1980 .

[149]  Yen-Sheng Huang,et al.  Target Abnormal Returns Associated with Acquisition Announcements: Payment, Acquisition Form, and Managerial Resistance , 1987 .

[150]  Diane Del Guercio The Distorting Effect of the Prudent-Man Laws on Institutional Equity Investments , 1996 .

[151]  James A. Brickley,et al.  The Market for Corporate Control: The Empirical Evidence Since 1980 , 1988 .

[152]  Thomas C. Omer,et al.  The Effect of Risk and Tax Differences on Corporate and Limited Partnership Capital Structure , 1999, National Tax Journal.

[153]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  The Influence of Tax and Nontax Costs on Book‐Tax Reporting Differences: Public and Private Firms , 2001 .

[154]  Julie Wulf Do CEOS in Mergers Trade Power for Premium? Evidence from 'Mergers of Equals' , 2004 .

[155]  Stephen D. Oliner,et al.  Investment Behavior, Observable Expectations, and Internal Funds , 2006 .

[156]  P. Healy,et al.  Business analysis and valuation : using financial statements , 2010 .

[157]  Manju Puri,et al.  Venture Capital and the Professionalization of Start-Up Firms: Empirical Evidence , 2000 .

[158]  J. Poterba,et al.  New Evidence that Taxes Affect the Valuation of Dividends , 1984 .

[159]  K. Clausing Tax-motivated transfer pricing and US intrafirm trade prices , 2003 .

[160]  J. Graham,et al.  Debt, Leases, Taxes and the Endogeneity of Corporate Tax Status , 1997 .

[161]  John R. Graham,et al.  How Big are the Tax Benefits of Debt , 2000 .

[162]  Jennifer L. Brown,et al.  Stock Options, R&D, and the R&D Tax Credit , 2007 .

[163]  David M. Schizer,et al.  Understanding Venture Capital Structure: A Tax Explanation for Convertible Preferred Stock , 2002 .

[164]  Scott D. Dyreng,et al.  Using Financial Accounting Data to Examine the Effect of Foreign Operations Located in Tax Havens and Other Countries on US Multinational Firms' Tax Rates , 2009 .

[165]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Corporate multistate tax planning: benefits of multiple jurisdictions , 2002 .

[166]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Bridging the Reporting Gap: A Proposal for More Informative Reconciling of Book and Tax Income , 2003, National Tax Journal.

[167]  George R. Zodrow ON THE "TRADITIONAL" and "NEW" VIEWS OF DIVIDEND TAXATION , 1991, National Tax Journal.

[168]  David P. Weber,et al.  Do Auditors Use The Information Reflected In Book-Tax Differences ? Discussion , 2010 .

[169]  How Do Taxes Affect Investors' Stock Market Realizations? Evidence from Tax-Return Panel Data , 1994 .

[170]  Fischer Black,et al.  The effects of dividend yield and dividend policy on common stock prices and returns , 1974 .

[171]  Shiing-wu Wang,et al.  The Effect of Transaction Structure on Price: Evidence from Subsidiary Sales , 2000 .

[172]  Murray Z. Frank,et al.  Why do stock prices drop by less than the value of the dividend? Evidence from a country without taxes , 1998 .

[173]  Jeffrey K. MacKie-Mason,et al.  Tax Distortions to the Choice of Organizational Form , 1992 .

[174]  J. Sallee,et al.  A Unifying Model of How the Tax System and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Affect Corporate Behavior , 2007 .

[175]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  Incremental Financing Decisions and Time‐Series Variation in Personal Taxes on Equity Income , 2007 .

[176]  Thomas C. Omer,et al.  Earnings Management Through Effective Tax Rates: The Effects of Tax Planning Investment and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 , 2008 .

[177]  Edwin J. Elton,et al.  Marginal Stockholder Tax Rates and the Clientele Effect , 1970 .

[178]  Gary A. McGill,et al.  Lost in Translation: Detecting Tax Shelter Activity in Financial Statements , 2004, National Tax Journal.

[179]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  Investor Tax Heterogeneity and Ex-Dividend Day Trading Volume , 2006 .

[180]  Thomas C. Omer,et al.  Investments in Tax Planning, Tax Avoidance and the New Economy Business Model , 2012 .

[181]  Brad M. Barber,et al.  Trading is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors , 2000 .

[182]  J. Slemrod,et al.  Public Disclosure of Corporate Tax Return Information: Accounting, Economics, and Legal Perspectives , 2003, National Tax Journal.

[183]  Melissa Costa THE ONE-TIME RECEIVED DIVIDEND DEDUCTION* , 2008 .

[184]  Rosanne Altshuler,et al.  Repatriation Taxes, Repatriation Strategies and Multinational Financial Policy , 2001 .

[185]  Kevin A. Hassett,et al.  Taxation and Business Behavior: A Review of the Recent Literature , 2008 .

[186]  Edward L. Maydew,et al.  Debt-Equity Hybrid Securities , 1999 .

[187]  Douglas J. Skinner,et al.  Employee Stock Options, EPS Dilution, and Stock Repurchases , 2003 .

[188]  Michael Bradley,et al.  Synergistic gains from corporate acquisitions and their division between the stockholders of target and acquiring firms , 1988 .

[189]  Edward L. Maydew,et al.  Book-Tax Conformity: Implications for Multinational Firms , 2006, National Tax Journal.

[190]  K. Klassen,et al.  State and provincial corporate tax planning: income shifting and sales apportionment factor management , 1998 .

[191]  Douglas J. Skinner The Rise of Deferred Tax Assets in Japan: The Role of Deferred Tax Accounting in the Japanese Banking Crisis* , 2008 .

[192]  D. Kemsley The Effect of Taxes on Production Location , 1998 .

[193]  Michael T. Kirschenheiter,et al.  The Valuation of Deferred Taxes , 1997 .

[194]  L. Effron,et al.  Earnings Management to Avoid Earnings Decreases and Losses , 1998 .

[195]  Feng Li Earnings quality and earnings management in Chinese-listed companies , 2011 .

[196]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  The Role of Tax Rules in the Recent Restructuring of U.S. Corporations , 1991, Tax Policy and the Economy.

[197]  James R. Hines Jr.,et al.  Foreign Direct Investment and the Domestic Capital Stock , 2005 .

[198]  John Mutti,et al.  Taxes, Tariffs and Transfer Pricing in Multinational Corporate Decision Making , 1991 .

[199]  John D. Phillips,et al.  Earnings Management : New Evidence Based on Deferred Tax Expense , 2002 .

[200]  J. Poterba,et al.  The Economic Effects of Dividend Taxation , 1984 .

[201]  R. Lipe The information contained in the components of earnings , 1986 .

[202]  David Yermack,et al.  Taking Stock: Equity-Based Compensation and the Evolution of Managerial Ownership , 2000 .

[203]  Jacob K. Thomas,et al.  Equity Premia as Low as Three Percent? Evidence from Analysts' Earnings Forecasts for Domestic and International Stock Markets , 2001 .

[204]  Randall A. Heron,et al.  Does Backdating Explain the Stock Price Pattern Around Executive Stock Option Grants? , 2007 .

[205]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Using Tax Return Data to Simulate Corporate Marginal Tax Rates , 2007 .

[206]  D. Kemsley,et al.  Capital Gains and Dividend Taxes in Firm Valuation: Evidence of Triple Taxation , 2000 .

[207]  Mihir A. Desai The Divergence between Book Income and Tax Income , 2003, Tax Policy and the Economy.

[208]  Country-Specific Factors Related to Financial Reporting and the Value Relevance of Accounting Data , 1999 .

[209]  Fumio Hayashi,et al.  TOBIN'S MARGINAL q AND AVERAGE q: A NEOCLASSICAL INTERPRETATION , 1982 .

[210]  Merton H. Miller,et al.  Dividend Policy under Asymmetric Information , 1985 .

[211]  Austan Goolsbee,et al.  Investment, Overhang, and Tax Policy , 2005 .

[212]  Myron S. Scholes,et al.  Dividends and taxes , 1978 .

[213]  G. Plesko An Evaluation of Alternative Measures of Corporate Tax Rates , 1999 .

[214]  Myron S. Scholes Taxes and Business Strategy: A Planning Approach , 2001 .

[215]  Robert M. Dammon,et al.  Optimal Consumption and Investment with Capital Gains Taxes , 2001 .

[216]  Mihir A. Desai,et al.  Capital Structure with Risky Foreign Investment , 2006 .

[217]  D. Cohen,et al.  A Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Temporary Partial Expensing , 2006 .

[218]  John D. Phillips Corporate Tax‐Planning Effectiveness: The Role of Compensation‐Based Incentives , 2003 .

[219]  Paul Harrison,et al.  How Did the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut Affect Stock Prices? , 2006 .

[220]  Reassessing the Role of Book-Tax Conformity , 2009 .

[221]  John R. Robinson,et al.  The Effects of Goodwill Tax Deductions on the Market for Corporate Acquisitions , 1999 .

[222]  Linda K. Krull,et al.  Dividend Taxes and Implied Cost of Equity Capital , 2005 .

[223]  J. Hines,et al.  Do Tax Havens Flourish? , 2005, Tax Policy and the Economy.

[224]  Steven A. Bank,et al.  Tax and the Separation of Ownership and Control , 2008 .

[225]  Lillian F. Mills,et al.  Firm Valuation Effects of the Expatriation of U.S. Corporations to Tax Haven Countries , 2002 .

[226]  E. Fama,et al.  Taxes, Financing Decisions, and Firm Value , 1997 .

[227]  Do-jin Jung,et al.  Predictive Ability of the Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets , 2006 .

[228]  Chip Heath,et al.  Psychological Factors and Stock Option Exercise , 1998 .

[229]  Sudipto Bhattacharya,et al.  Imperfect Information, Dividend Policy, and "The Bird in the Hand" Fallacy , 1979 .

[230]  J. Graham,et al.  Tax Shelters and Corporate Debt Policy , 2005 .

[231]  Toni M. Whited,et al.  How Costly Is External Financing? Evidence from a Structural Estimation , 2007 .

[232]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  A Test of the Theory of Tax Clienteles for Dividend Policies , 1999, National Tax Journal.

[233]  Deborah L. Swenson Tax Reforms and Evidence of Transfer Pricing , 2001, National Tax Journal.

[234]  K. Hassett,et al.  The 2003 Dividend Tax Cuts and the Value of the Firm: An Event Study , 2005 .

[235]  Theodore Sougiannis,et al.  Analysts' Interpretation and Investors' Valuation of Tax Carryforwards , 1999 .

[236]  O. Guedhami,et al.  The importance of IRS monitoring to debt pricing in private firms , 2008 .

[237]  Sanjay Gupta,et al.  Determinants of the variability in corporate effective tax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data , 1997 .

[238]  M. Shapiro,et al.  Temporary Investment Tax Incentives: Theory with Evidence from Bonus Depreciation , 2005 .

[239]  Brian J. Bushee,et al.  Abnormal Returns to a Fundamental Analysis Strategy , 1997 .

[240]  Mary Margaret Frank,et al.  Do Managers Use the Valuation Allowance Account to Manage Earnings Around Certain Earnings Targets , 2003 .

[241]  Mark P. Bauman,et al.  Do Firms Use the Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance to Manage Earnings? , 2000 .

[242]  D. Dhaliwal,et al.  Is a Dividend Tax Penalty Incorporated into the Return on a Firm's Common Stock? , 2003 .

[243]  John R. Robinson,et al.  Shareholder Taxes in Acquisition Premiums: The Effect of Capital Gains Taxation , 2003 .

[244]  Jennifer L. Blouin DISCUSSION OF Dividend Tax Clienteles: Evidence from Tax Law Changes , 2009 .

[245]  Shuping Chen,et al.  Are Family Firms More Tax Aggressive Than Non-Family Firms? , 2010 .

[246]  Robert M. Dammon,et al.  Optimal Asset Location and Allocation with Taxable and Tax-Deferred Investing , 2001 .

[247]  K. Petroni,et al.  Taxation Regulation and the Organizational Structure of Property-Casualty Insurers , 1995 .

[248]  G. Constantinides The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence: Discussion , 1985 .

[249]  Gavin Cassar Financial Statement and Projection Preparation in Start-Up Ventures , 2009 .

[250]  Alan D. Jagolinzer,et al.  An Analysis of Insiders' Use of Prepaid Variable Forward Transactions , 2007 .

[251]  Michelle Hanlon,et al.  Evidence on the Possible Information Loss of Conforming Book Income and Taxable Income , 2005 .

[252]  John R. Robinson,et al.  The Effect of Shareholder‐Level Dividend Taxes on Stock Prices: Evidence from the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1993 , 2002 .

[253]  Wayne R. Landsman,et al.  THE LOCK-IN EFFECT OF CAPITAL GAINS TAXES: EVIDENCE FROM THE RJR NABISCO LEVERAGED BUYOUT , 1995, National Tax Journal.

[254]  Kenneth M. Eades,et al.  Time-Series Variation in Dividend Pricing , 1994 .

[255]  Emmanuel Saez,et al.  The Effects of Taxes on Market Responses to Dividend Announcements and Payments: What Can We Learn from the 2003 Dividend Tax Cut? , 2005 .

[256]  Susan E. Moyer,et al.  Managing Interacting Accounting Measures to Meet Multiple Objectives: A Study of Lifo Firms , 1996 .

[257]  Richard S. Ruback,et al.  The Market for Corporate Control: The Scientific Evidence , 2002 .

[258]  Luann J. Lynch,et al.  Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and its Relation to Aggressive Financial Reporting , 2009 .

[259]  M. C. Jensen,et al.  Harvard Business School; SSRN; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Harvard University - Accounting & Control Unit , 1976 .

[260]  Leslie D. Hodder,et al.  The Influence of Tax and Non-Tax Factors on Banks' Choice of Organizational Form , 2002 .

[261]  Harry Huizinga,et al.  International Taxation and the Direction and Volume of Cross-Border M&As , 2006 .

[262]  Per Strömberg,et al.  Should Investors Bet on the Jockey or the Horse? Evidence from the Evolution of Firms from Early Business Plans to Public Companies , 2007 .

[263]  A. Damodaran,et al.  The determinants of organizational form changes: evidence and implications from real estate , 1997 .