Immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction up-regulates cellular activity in the dog mandible.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate cellular activity of the cervical portion of peri-implant tissue due to immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction from the dog mandible, in terms of morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sand-blasted implant was inserted into the root septum bone of each extraction socket and was connected to a superstructure made from resin and then covered with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Implants without the superstructure were used as the non-loading control group. Animals were sacrificed 1-3 weeks later and specimens were observed using light microscopy and mRNA levels were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The new bone formation ratio in the loading group at 3 weeks was significantly higher than in the non-loading group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive cells were observed in tissues around the implant surface in both groups at each of the time periods. More osteocalcin (OCN)-positive cells were observed in the non-loading group than in the loading group at 2 weeks. The expression of ALP mRNA in the loading group was significantly up-regulated compared with the non-loading group (P<0.05). The expression of OCN mRNA in the loading group was significantly up-regulated compared with the non-loading group at 2 weeks (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that immediate loading after implant placement following tooth extraction osteogenic affects cellular activity of cervical portion of peri-implant tissue.

[1]  A. Piattelli,et al.  Bone formation around immediately loaded and submerged dental implants with a modified sandblasted and acid-etched surface after 4 and 8 weeks: a human histologic and histomorphometric analysis. , 2009, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[2]  F. Carinci,et al.  Spiral Family Implants Inserted in Postextraction Bone Sites , 2009, Implant dentistry.

[3]  Marco Degidi,et al.  Immediate rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible with a definitive prosthesis supported by an intraorally welded titanium bar. , 2009, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[4]  K. Kahnberg.  Immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets: a clinical report. , 2009, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[5]  P. Trisi,et al.  Osseointegration of Osseotite and machined-surfaced titanium implants in membrane-covered critical-sized defects: a histologic and histometric study in dogs. , 2007, Clinical oral implants research.

[6]  J. A. Currey,et al.  Effect of mechanical stimuli on skeletal regeneration around implants. , 2007, Bone.

[7]  seyyed shojaodin shayegh,et al.  The effects of loading time on osseointegration and new bone formation around dental implants: a histologic and histomorphometric study in dogs. , 2006, Journal of periodontology.

[8]  J. Lindhe,et al.  Appositional bone formation in marginal defects at implants. , 2003, Clinical oral implants research.

[9]  J. Lindhe,et al.  The jumping distance revisited: An experimental study in the dog. , 2003, Clinical oral implants research.

[10]  L. Cooper,et al.  Immediate mandibular rehabilitation with endosseous implants: simultaneous extraction, implant placement, and loading. , 2002, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[11]  T G Wilson,et al.  Implants placed in immediate extraction sites: a report of histologic and histometric analyses of human biopsies. , 1998, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[12]  U. Lekholm,et al.  Membrane-induced bone augmentation at titanium implants. A report on ten fixtures followed from 1 to 3 years after loading. , 1992, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[13]  P. Branemark.  Osseointegration and its experimental background. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[14]  J B Brunski,et al.  The Influence of Functional Use of Endosseous Dental Implants on the Tissue-implant Interface. II. Clinical Aspects , 1979, Journal of dental research.

[15]  W. Schulte,et al.  [The Tübingen immediate implant in clinical studies]. , 1978, Deutsche zahnarztliche Zeitschrift.

[16]  K. Ishigami,et al.  Mechanical force promotes proliferation and early differentiation of bone marrow derived osteoblast-like cells in vitro , 2009 .

[17]  Daniel Buser,et al.  Clinical and esthetic outcomes of implants placed in postextraction sites. , 2009, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[18]  T. Takeda,et al.  Osteoblast-like cell behavior of rat bone marrow under continuous compressive force in vitro , 2004 .

[19]  G. Romanos,et al.  Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of peri-implant bone subjected to immediate loading: an experimental study with Macaca fascicularis. , 2002, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[20]  D. Buser,et al.  Healing pattern of bone regeneration in membrane-protected defects: a histologic study in the canine mandible. , 1994, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[21]  Werbitt Mj,et al.  The immediate implant: bone preservation and bone regeneration. , 1992 .

[22]  R. Knox,et al.  Histologic evaluation of dental endosseous implants placed in surgically created extraction defects. , 1991, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[23]  J. Krump,et al.  The immediate implant: a treatment alternative. , 1991, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[24]  Lazzara Rj,et al.  Immediate implant placement into extraction sites: surgical and restorative advantages. , 1989 .

[25]  U. Lekholm,et al.  Generation of new bone around titanium implants using a membrane technique: an experimental study in rabbits. , 1989, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[26]  T. Waris,et al.  Cold injury of the rat skin. A fluorescence histochemical study of adrenergic nerves, mast cells and patency of cutaneous blood vessels. , 1982, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[27]  P. Branemark,et al.  Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. , 1977, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Supplementum.