The in-fixture calibration procedure line-network-network-LNN

This paper presents an alternative method for a network analyzer calibration, in particular an in-fixture calibration. It avoids de-embedding of the device under test and it allows the characterization of an unknown two-port inserted between an arbitrary number of cascaded unknown two-ports. An unknown obstacle must be moved on a transmission line into three positions. The LNN calibration technique delivers the electrical wavelength or the relative dielectric constant of the transmission line and the scattering parameters of the obstacle. Since the connectors do not have to be exchanged, non-reproducibilities of the connectors are only a minor problem.