Création semi-automatique de modèles numériques de terrains - Visualisation et interaction sur terminaux mobiles communicants. (Semi-Automatic Creation of Digital Terrain Models -Visualization and Interaction on Handheld Computers)

Les modeles numeriques de terrains (MNT) permettent de representer efficacement la topographie d'une zone geographique donnee. Ces MNT peuvent etre issus d'une tele acquisition a l'aide de radars embarques ou de leves manuels sur le terrain a l'aide d'un tacheometre. Les MNT constituent le contexte thematique de cette these qui est composee en trois parties. Dans un premier temps, nous nous interessons a la creation de ces modeles a partir d'une source importante de donnees topographiques constituee par les cartes topographiques. Nous presentons une chaine complete de traitements permettant de generer un MNT a partir d'une carte topographique numerisee. Nous detaillons particulierement de nouvelles methodes de reconstruction des courbes de niveaux et d'interpolation de ces courbes pour generer un MNT. Les differents travaux effectues dans cette thematique s'integrent au sein de la plate-forme logicielle AutoDEM que nous avons developpee durant cette these. Puis, dans une deuxieme partie, nous presentons une nouvelle technique permettant de visualiser des MNT en 3D sur une large gamme de dispositifs allant de stations de travail reliees a de grands ecrans jusqu'a des terminaux mobiles (TM) a faibles capacites tels que les PDA ou les telephones portables. L'interet majeur de la technique presentee, qui repose sur un mode connecte client-serveur, reside dans l'adaptation dynamique du modele 3D aux capacites d'affichage du terminal. Nous nous interessons egalement a des techniques de rendu a distance et presentons deux techniques permettant d'offrir d'une part une visualisation interactive temps reel et d'autre part un panorama virtuel a l'utilisateur. Enfin, dans un troisieme temps, nous decrivons des techniques nouvelles permettant a un utilisateur mobile disposant d'un TM de naviguer et d'interagir avec des donnees geographiques (cartes ou plans 2D et scenes 3D). La premiere est une technique d'interaction tangible et bi-manuelle reposant sur la detection par analyse du flux video d'une cible decrivant un code couleur. La deuxieme est une technique de selection a deux niveaux adaptee aux TM ne disposant pas de dispositif de pointage continu.

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