Rapid prototyping and manufacturing for tissue engineering scaffolds

The controlled fabrication of the scaffold structures for tissue engineering is becoming increasingly important as a viable vehicle in future for regenerative medicine. This paper provides a brief description of the conventional techniques used to manufacture scaffolds and the associated limitations, particularly the lack of full control of the pore morphology and architecture as well as reproducibility. Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing (RPM laser sintering; extrusion and Three-Dimensional (3D) printing, are described in detail along the main research efforts deployed towards the fabrication of simple and complex 3D scaffolds.

[1]  Vladimir Mironov,et al.  Organ printing: computer-aided jet-based 3D tissue engineering. , 2003, Trends in biotechnology.

[2]  B. Derby,et al.  Manufacture of biomaterials by a novel printing process , 2002, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[3]  Colleen L Flanagan,et al.  Bone tissue engineering using polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[4]  Manabu Mizutani,et al.  Liquid acrylate-endcapped biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-trimethylene carbonate). II. Computer-aided stereolithographic microarchitectural surface photoconstructs. , 2002, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[5]  Han Tong Loh,et al.  Fabrication of 3D chitosan–hydroxyapatite scaffolds using a robotic dispensing system , 2002 .

[6]  C. V. van Blitterswijk,et al.  Design of porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering using a three-dimensional fiber-deposition technique. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[7]  M. Huneault,et al.  Preparation of interconnected poly(ε-caprolactone) porous scaffolds by a combination of polymer and salt particulate leaching , 2006 .

[8]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  Two-photon photopolymerization as a tool for making micro-devices , 2003 .

[9]  Young-Hag Koh,et al.  Fabrication of poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffold using rapid direct deposition , 2006 .

[10]  L G Griffith,et al.  Integration of surface modification and 3D fabrication techniques to prepare patterned poly(L-lactide) substrates allowing regionally selective cell adhesion. , 1998, Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition.

[11]  R. Reis,et al.  Biodegradable polymers and composites in biomedical applications: from catgut to tissue engineering. Part 2 Systems for temporary replacement and advanced tissue regeneration , 2004 .

[12]  P H Krebsbach,et al.  Indirect solid free form fabrication of local and global porous, biomimetic and composite 3D polymer-ceramic scaffolds. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[13]  J. Fisher,et al.  Photoinitiated Polymerization of Biomaterials , 2001 .

[14]  I Zein,et al.  Mechanical properties and cell cultural response of polycaprolactone scaffolds designed and fabricated via fused deposition modeling. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[15]  L G Griffith,et al.  Effect of pore size and void fraction on cellular adhesion, proliferation, and matrix deposition. , 2001, Tissue engineering.

[16]  S. E. Feinberg,et al.  Hydroxyapatite implants with designed internal architecture , 2001, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine.

[17]  D. Hutmacher,et al.  Scaffold development using 3D printing with a starch-based polymer , 2002 .

[18]  I. Zein,et al.  Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. , 2002, Biomaterials.

[19]  Tien-Min G. Chu,et al.  CT-generated porous hydroxyapatite orbital floor prosthesis as a prototype bioimplant. , 1997, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[20]  Duane B. Dimos,et al.  Microstereolithography: a review , 2003 .

[21]  R. Landers,et al.  Biofunctional rapid prototyping for tissue‐engineering applications: 3D bioplotting versus 3D printing , 2004 .

[22]  K. Leong,et al.  Solid freeform fabrication of three-dimensional scaffolds for engineering replacement tissues and organs. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[23]  L G Griffith,et al.  Survival and function of hepatocytes on a novel three-dimensional synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold with an intrinsic network of channels. , 1998, Annals of surgery.

[24]  B Derby,et al.  Novel collagen scaffolds with predefined internal morphology made by solid freeform fabrication. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[25]  Geoffrey R. Mitchell,et al.  Stereo‐thermal‐lithography: a new principle for rapid prototyping , 2003 .

[26]  A.C.W. Lau,et al.  Precision extruding deposition and characterization of cellular poly‐ε‐caprolactone tissue scaffolds , 2004 .

[27]  P. J. S. Bártolo,et al.  State Of The Art Of Solid Freeform FabricationFor Soft And Hard Tissue Engineering , 2006 .

[28]  John W. Halloran,et al.  Freeform Fabrication of Ceramics via Stereolithography , 2005 .

[29]  Malcolm N. Cooke,et al.  Use of stereolithography to manufacture critical-sized 3D biodegradable scaffolds for bone ingrowth. , 2003, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[30]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  3D Patterning by means of nanoimprinting, X-ray and two-photon lithography , 2004 .

[31]  Patrice L. Baldeck,et al.  Two-photon absorption: from optical power limiting to 3D microfabrication , 2005 .

[32]  A. Ahluwalia,et al.  Fabrication of PLGA scaffolds using soft lithography and microsyringe deposition. , 2003, Biomaterials.