EEMCO guidance for the assessment of stratum corneum hydration: electrical methods

The improvement of stratum corneum hydration is one of the most important claims in the cosmetic industry.

[1]  D. Neste Comparative study of normal and rough human skin hydration in vivo: evaluation with four different instruments. , 1991 .

[2]  G. Coghill,et al.  Assessment and use of a new skin hygrometer , 1985 .

[3]  G. Piérard,et al.  Topical corticosteroid formulations and water balance in the stratum corneum , 1995 .

[4]  E. Clar,et al.  Skin impedance and moisturization , 1975 .

[5]  R. Marks,et al.  The Relationship Between Conductance and Capacitance Measurements and Skin Surface Contour During Hydration of the Stratum Corneum , 1983 .

[6]  H. Tagami Electrical measurement of the water content of the skin surface. Functional analysis of the hygroscopic property and water-holding capacity of the stratum corneum in vivo and technique for assessing moisturizing efficacy , 1982 .

[7]  J. Serup A three-hour test for rapid comparison of effects of moisturizers and active constituents (urea). Measurement of hydration, scaling and skin surface lipidization by noninvasive techniques. , 1992, Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum.

[8]  H. Maibach,et al.  In vivo transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in assessment of moisturization and soap effects , 1988, International journal of cosmetic science.

[9]  M. Lodén,et al.  The influence of a single application of different moisturizers on the skin capacitance. , 1991, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[10]  S. Ollmar,et al.  Electrical impedance index in human skin: measurements after occlusion, in 5 anatomical regions and in mi Id irritant contact dermatitis , 1993, Contact dermatitis.

[11]  H. Tagami,et al.  Electrical measurement of the water content of the stratum corneum in vivo and in vitro under various conditions: comparison between skin surface hygrometer and corneometer in evaluation of the skin surface hydration state. , 1993, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[12]  A multicenter comparison of different test methods for the assessment of the efficacy of skin care products with 368 human volunteers , 1994 .

[13]  J. K. Prall,et al.  The effectiveness of cosmetic products in alleviating a range of skin dryness conditions as determined by clinical and instrumental techniques , 1986, International journal of cosmetic science.

[14]  C. Korstanje,et al.  Differential effects of dermatological cream bases with respect to skin surface moisturizing capacity: A study design in volunteers. , 1992, The Journal of dermatological treatment.

[15]  C. Blichmann,et al.  Epidermal hydration of psoriasis plaques and the relation to scaling. Measurement of electrical conductance and transepidermal water loss. , 1987, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[16]  M. Lodén,et al.  Friction, capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dry atopic and normal skin , 1992, The British journal of dermatology.

[17]  M. Paye,et al.  Corneometiy measurements to evaluate skin dryness in the modified soap chamber test * , 1995, Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging.

[18]  J. Serup,et al.  A double-blind comparison of two creams containing urea as the active ingredient. Assessment of efficacy and side-effects by non-invasive techniques and a clinical scoring scheme. , 1992, Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum.

[19]  C. Blichmann,et al.  Effects of single application of a moisturizer: evaporation of emulsion water, skin surface temperature, electrical conductance, electrical capacitance, and skin surface (emulsion) lipids. , 1989, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[20]  P. Corcuff,et al.  Biophysical characterization of dry facial skin , 1987 .

[21]  T. Agner,et al.  Comparison of two electrical methods for measurement of skin hydration. An experimental study on irritant patch tests reactions , 1988 .

[22]  David Charles. Salter,et al.  Studies in the measurement, form and interpretation of some electrical properties of normal and pathological human skin in vivo , 1981 .

[23]  Clinical evaluation of a highly effective hand and body lotion , 1984 .

[24]  S. Hoath,et al.  Ontogeny of water sorption-desorption in the perinatal rat. , 1993, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[25]  C. Blichmann,et al.  Assessment of skin moisture. Measurement of electrical conductance, capacitance and transepidermal water loss. , 1988, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[26]  K. Kraning,et al.  Hydration characteristics and electrical resistivity of stratum corneum using a noninvasive four-point microelectrode method. , 1977, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[27]  M. Lindberg,et al.  The presence of body hair influences the measurement of skin hydration with the Corneometer. , 1995, Acta dermato-venereologica.

[28]  S Ollmar,et al.  Electrical impedance applied to non‐invasive detection of irritation in skin , 1992, Contact dermatitis.