Musculoskeletal examination.

The musculoskeletal examination is a part of a complete physical examination. For the purpose of this article, the author will be discussing only the musculoskeletal aspect of the examination. Be aware that parts or all of the musculoskeletal examination can be incorporated into pre-employment physicals, annual physicals, etc. The author will approach the examination from the viewpoint of assessing joint complaints and/or rheumatic diseases. There are many ways of modifying any "examination" format. The format that is presented in this article is a format that is helpful. At times this format should be changed if the presenting problem is such that other avenues need exploring. The physical examination of the joints begins when you first see the patient. You can obtain useful information from his general appearance, attitude, hand shake, visible deformities, gait, and body position. You should observe his ability to sit down and rise from a chair, hold objects, etc. Introduce yourself to him, addressing him by name. Explain your role, indicating that you will perform a mus-