A 3D modeling workflow to map ultraviolet- and visible-induced luminescent materials on ancient polychrome artifacts

Abstract A 2D visualization approach for ensembles of images comprising RGB and luminescence photographs is traditionally used for studying the structure and chemistry of 3D polychrome ancient objects. Here, a method is presented for visualizing material composition of an object in 3D, providing artistic production information, conservation history, and virtual enhancement of faded, concealed and weathered decoration. The approach is based on the fusion of 2D luminescence forensic photographs with RGB images acquired using principles of structure-from-motion photogrammetry to build 3D models. Its potential is demonstrated in a study of a polychrome Hellenistic terracotta funerary head vase, in which three models of the vase were produced: (1) photorealistic; (2) visible-induced luminescence, mapping Egyptian blue and madder lake; and (3) ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence, revealing surface condition and previous conservation interventions. The workflow advances current approaches in modeling chemical signatures of luminescent pigments, extending their traditional 2D viewing platform into 3D.

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