Testing otter board hydrodynamic performances in wind tunnel facilities

The feasibility and potential advantages of wind tunnel testing of otter board designs are assessed. Traditional flume tank tests incur high operational costs and present some limitations in terms of flexibility and accuracy. Modern flume tanks, despite more flexible and accurate, are still expensive to operate or hire. Wind tunnel facilities are widespread, with a potential for low budget tests, and allow for an accurate control of velocity, angle of attack and sideslip as well as precise measurement of forces and moments in all three axes. A complete description of otter board hydrodynamics is paramount to optimising design and rigging and for the design of active control strategies that allow for stable trawling at a target speed and depth. We describe in detail the methodology of wind tunnel tests applied to general otter board designs, exemplify it with a commercial pelagic otter board and provide a comparison with existing flume tank results for the same design.

[1]  Hilmar Kristjonsson,et al.  Modern fishing gear of the world , 1959 .

[2]  LucchettiAlessandro,et al.  Impact and performance of Mediterranean fishing gear by side-scan sonar technology , 2012 .

[3]  Emilio Notti,et al.  Propulsion system improvement for trawlers , 2013 .

[4]  Morisaburô Tauti,et al.  A Relation between Experiments on Model and on Full Scale of Fishing Net , 1934 .

[5]  Daniel Priour.  Analysis of nets with hexagonal mesh using triangular elements , 2003 .

[6]  Antoni Mànuel,et al.  Simulation of bottom trawl fishing gears. A simplified physical model , 2007 .

[7]  Mathias Paschen.  Beitrag zur Voraussage von Bewegungsbahnen pelagischer Schleppnetze nach Einleitung von Schiffsmanövern , 1981 .

[8]  Fuxiang Hu,et al.  A static analysis of the tension and configuration of submerged plane nets , 2002 .

[9]  Fuxiang Hu,et al.  Effects of drag coefficient of netting for dynamic similarity on model testing of trawl nets , 2001 .

[10]  Emilio Notti,et al.  E-Audit: Energy use in Italian fishing vessels , 2011 .

[11]  Chun-Woo Lee,et al.  Physical modeling for underwater flexible systems dynamic simulation , 2005 .

[12]  E. Jonsson.  Aerodynamic Optimization by Variable-Resolution Modeling and Space Mapping , 2012 .

[13]  G. I. Barenblatt.  Scaling: Self-similarity and intermediate asymptotics , 1996 .

[14]  K. C. Watts,et al.  The otter board as a low-aspect-ratio wing at high angles of attack; an experimental study , 1986 .

[15]  Fuxiang Hu,et al.  Model test of trawl gear with a net-mouth opening device based on modified Tauti's law , 2009 .

[16]  Kengo Fukuda,et al.  Effects of Aspect and Camber Ratios on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Biplane-type Otter Board. , 1999 .

[17]  Alessandro Lucchetti,et al.  Performance and impact on the seabed of an existing- and an experimental-otterboard: Comparison between model testing and full-scale sea trials , 2009 .

[18]  Antonello Sala,et al.  Escapement from the main body of the bottom trawl used for the Mediterranean international trawl survey (MEDITS) , 1999 .

[19]  Antoni Mànuel,et al.  A simplified model of the interaction of the trawl warps, the otterboards and netting drag , 2008 .

[20]  Karl Johan Reite.  Modeling and Control of Trawl Systems , 2006 .

[21]  Yicheng Jin,et al.  The modeling of single-boat, mid-water trawl systems for fishing simulation , 2011 .

[22]  Alessandro Lucchetti,et al.  The influence of twine thickness on the size selectivity of polyamide codends in a Mediterranean bottom trawl , 2007 .

[23]  Antonello Sala,et al.  Influence of sea-bottom temperature and depth on swept area estimation from trawl surveys , 2014 .

[24]  G Niedzwiedz,et al.  Rope and net calculations applied to problems in marine engineering and fisheries research , 1998 .

[25]  Antonello Sala,et al.  Comparison between model testing and full-scale trials of new trawl design for Italian bottom fisheries , 2004 .

[26]  Chun-Woo Lee,et al.  Modeling of a midwater trawl system with respect to the vertical movements , 2000 .

[27]  J. Spurk.  Boundary Layer Theory , 2019, Fluid Mechanics.

[28]  R.S.T. Ferro,et al.  A comparison of one-tenth and full-scale measurements of the drag and geometry of a pelagic trawl , 1993 .

[29]  D. Marichal,et al.  Study of the dynamics of submerged supple nets (applications to trawls) , 1998 .

[30]  Ole Arve Misund,et al.  Trawl designs and techniques used by Norwegian research vessels to sample fish in the pelagic zone , 1995 .

[31]  K. C. Watts,et al.  The otter board as a low-aspect-ratio wing at high angles of attack; Some theoretical aspects , 1985 .

[32]  Carlos Guedes Soares,et al.  Developments in Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources : IMAM 2013 , 2013 .

[33]  F. G. O'Neill.  Small-scale modelling rules of trawl nets , 1993 .

[34]  Finbarr G. O’Neill,et al.  Axisymmetric trawl cod-ends made from netting of a generalized mesh shape , 1999 .

[35]  B. van Marlen,et al.  An empirical velocity scale relation for modelling a design of large mesh pelagic trawl , 1996 .

[36]  A.J. Sorensen,et al.  Mathematical Modeling of the Hydrodynamic Forces on a Trawl Door , 2006, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering.

[37]  Antonello Sala,et al.  Efficiency of the bottom trawl used for the Mediterranean international trawl survey (MEDITS) , 1999 .

[38]  Fuxiang Hu,et al.  Effects of Dihedral and Sweepback Angles on Lift and Drag of the Cambered Otter Board. , 1996 .

[39]  Enrico Rizzuto,et al.  Sustainable Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources , 2011 .

[40]  Tsutomu Takagi,et al.  Validity and visualization of a numerical model used to determine dynamic configurations of fishing nets , 2003 .