Relationship between bleeding on probing and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bleeding on probing (BOP) and periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A 3-year longitudinal study was carried out in 229 non-smoking healthy older adults aged 70 years. Using pressure-controlled periodontal probes, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level at 13,289 sites were measured annually. Periodontal disease progression was defined as an increase in attachment loss of >or=3 mm from the baseline to the final examination. The backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the total number of sites with BOP in the four examinations and periodontal progression. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of BOP frequency for periodontal disease progression ranged from 1.4 to 6.2 after controlling for pocket depth >or=4 mm at baseline, number of missing teeth, jaw type and tooth site. CONCLUSION Increasing frequencies of bleeding might increase the probability of periodontal disease progression in community-dwelling older adults.

[1]  C. Neto,et al.  Reliability of bleeding and non-bleeding on probing to gingival histological features. , 2003, Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology.

[2]  J. Egelberg,et al.  Scores of plaque, bleeding, suppuration and probing depth to predict probing attachment loss. 5 years of observation following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. , 1990, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[3]  N. Lang,et al.  Bleeding on probing. A parameter for monitoring periodontal conditions in clinical practice. , 1994, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[4]  H. Löe,et al.  Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. III. Patterns, variations and risks of attachment loss. , 2003, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[5]  E. Newbrun.  Indices to measure gingival bleeding. , 1996, Journal of periodontology.

[6]  G. Greenstein,et al.  Histologic characteristics associated with bleeding after probing and visual signs of inflammation. , 1981, Journal of periodontology.

[7]  S. Socransky,et al.  Patterns of progression and regression of advanced destructive periodontal disease. , 1982, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[8]  T. Kocher,et al.  Periodontal attachment level of extractions presumably performed for periodontal reasons. , 2002, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[9]  J. Ainamo,et al.  Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. , 1975, International dental journal.

[10]  I. Lamster,et al.  Risk indicators for future clinical attachment loss in adult periodontitis. Tooth and site variables. , 1992, Journal of periodontology.

[11]  D. Taani.  Periodontal reasons for tooth extraction in an adult population in Jordan. , 2003 .

[12]  H. Löe,et al.  Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. II. Incidence, characteristics and time of occurrence of the initial periodontal lesion. , 2003, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[13]  N. Lang,et al.  Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? , 1986, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[14]  D. Hosmer,et al.  A review of goodness of fit statistics for use in the development of logistic regression models. , 1982, American journal of epidemiology.

[15]  T. Takehara,et al.  Periodontal conditions in older age cohorts aged 65 years and older in Japan, measured by CPITN and loss of attachment. , 1995, Community dental health.

[16]  H. Löe,et al.  Errors in the clinical assessment of periodontal destruction. , 1967, Journal of periodontal research.

[17]  S. Socransky,et al.  Clinical parameters as predictors of destructive periodontal disease activity. , 1983, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[18]  J. Beck,et al.  Incidence of attachment loss in community-dwelling older adults. , 1994, Journal of periodontology.

[19]  K. Kornman,et al.  Relationship of "bleeding on probing" and "gingival index bleeding" as clinical parameters of gingival inflammation. , 1993, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[20]  K. Nakazato,et al.  Measurement of competence: reliability and validity of the TMIG Index of Competence. , 1991, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics.

[21]  J. Egelberg,et al.  Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. VII. Bleeding, suppuration and probing depth in sites with probing attachment loss. , 1985, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[22]  N. Amarasena,et al.  Tobacco use and oral hygiene as risk indicators for periodontitis. , 2002, Community dentistry and oral epidemiology.

[23]  J. Gunsolley,et al.  The effect of smoking on serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis patients. , 1997, Journal of periodontology.

[24]  N. Lang,et al.  Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal stability. , 1990, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[25]  N. Amarasena,et al.  Association between smoking, betel chewing and gingival bleeding in rural Sri Lanka. , 2003, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[26]  F. Abbas,et al.  Bleeding/plaque ratio and the development of gingival inflammation. , 1986, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[27]  V. Baelum,et al.  A 10-year study of the progression of destructive periodontal disease in adult and elderly Chinese. , 1997, Journal of periodontology.