Heavy Metal Ion Induction of Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Human Endothelial Cells: The Role of NF-κB, lκB-α and AP-1

We analyzed the influence of heavy-metal ions on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in comparison to proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Adhesion molecul