Development of a variable-wing mechanism based on flapping motion of birds

This paper presents an innovative variable-wing mechanism based on flapping motion of birds. The main feature of the mechanism proposed in this paper is to realize the complicated flapping motion of birds such as flapping, spanning, lead-lagging and feathering by using only a single actuator. We show the utility of the new variable-wing mechanism by comparing the motion generated by the new mechanism with the typical flapping motion of pigeons.