Multiple Criteria Decision Making : from Exact to Heuristic Optimization

We propose to derive assessments of outcomes to Multiple Criteria Decision Making problems, instead of just outcomes, and carry decision making processes with the former. In contrast to earlier works in that direction, which to calculate assessments have made use of subsets of the efficient set (shells), here we provide formulas for calculations of assessments based on the use of upper and lower approximations (upper and lower shells) of the efficient set, derived by evolutionary optimization. Hence, by replacing shells, which are to be in general derived via optimization, with pairs of upper and lower shells, the need of exact optimization methods can be eliminated from Multiple Criteria Decision Making.