International strategies of port authorities: The case of the Port of

article i nfo In this paper, we aim to develop the international component of port authority strategy, by discussing and analyzing the case of the Port of Rotterdam and its recent developments in terms of establishing an interna- tional strategy. The objective is to discuss the types of operating modes that might exist for port authorities in international business, the organizational structure and management processes thereof, and a discussion on the motives and the performance indicators used. From the perspective of the Port of Rotterdam, an insight was provided into organizational characteristics, operating modes, motives, expected results and manage- ment of risks related to international operations in the foreland. Furthermore, we establish linkages with recent insights from the international business literature, providing a research agenda within this subtopic of port performance and strategy research, and taking into account specificities of the port sector.

[1]  Jean-Paul Rodrigue,et al.  Port regionalization: towards a new phase in port development , 2005 .

[2]  J. Hennart,et al.  A transaction costs theory of equity joint ventures , 1988 .

[3]  Peter Hall,et al.  What conditions supply chain strategies of ports? The case of Dubai , 2007 .

[4]  R. Robinson.  Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: the new paradigm , 2002 .

[5]  T. Notteboom,et al.  The terminalization of supply chains: reassessing the role of terminals in port/hinterland logistical relationships , 2009 .

[6]  Alain Verbeke,et al.  Liabilities of regional foreignness and the use of firm-level versus country-level data: a response to Dunning et al. (2007) , 2007 .

[7]  J. Johanson,et al.  The Internationalization Process of the Firm—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments , 1977 .

[8]  P. Verhoeven,et al.  A review of port authority functions: towards a renaissance? , 2010 .

[9]  Kevin Cullinane,et al.  Chapter 18 Governance Models Defined , 2006 .

[10]  Adolf K.Y. Ng,et al.  Port Governance Reforms in Diversified Institutional Frameworks: Generic Solutions, Implementation Asymmetries , 2010 .

[11]  Sam Beldona,et al.  Multinationality-Performance Relationship: A Review and Reconceptualization , 2000 .

[12]  Kevin Cullinane,et al.  Port competition between Shanghai and Ningbo , 2005 .

[13]  John H. Dunning,et al.  The theory of international production , 1988 .

[14]  J. Hennart,et al.  Transaction costs theory and the multinational enterprise , 2005 .

[15]  Adolf K.Y. Ng,et al.  PORT GOVERNANCE IN CHINA: A REVIEW OF POLICIES IN AN ERA OF INTERNATIONALIZING PORT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES , 2004 .

[16]  Giovanni Satta,et al.  Time, space, and international diversification of service firms: assessing the abnormal growth of container port MNs , 2013 .

[17]  César Ducruet,et al.  New port development and global city making: emergence of the Shanghai-Yangshan multilayered gateway hub , 2012 .

[18]  R. Goss,et al.  Economic policies and seaports: Strategies for port authorities , 1990 .

[19]  H. Gatignon,et al.  Modes of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Propositions , 1986 .

[20]  C. Airriess,et al.  THE REGIONALIZATION OF HUTCHISON PORT HOLDINGS IN MAINLAND CHINA , 2001 .

[21]  César Ducruet,et al.  The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: The Case of the Seine Axis (Le Havre, Rouen, Paris, Caen), France , 2011 .

[22]  Patrick T. Gibbons,et al.  The Internationalization Process of Singapore Government-Linked Companies: A Contextual View , 1998 .

[23]  Alfred J. Baird,et al.  Privatisation of trust ports in the United Kingdom: Review and analysis of the first sales , 1995 .

[24]  Elvira Haezendonck,et al.  Stakeholder management and path dependence in large-scale transport infrastructure development: the port of Antwerp case (1960–2010) , 2013 .

[25]  Bruce E. Marti.  Marketing strategies: a container foreland study of the port of Miami , 1986 .

[26]  John Child,et al.  A Configurational Analysis of International Joint Ventures , 2002 .

[27]  Theo Notteboom,et al.  Ports in Proximity: Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports , 2009 .

[28]  Gabriel R. G. Benito,et al.  Towards more realistic conceptualisations of foreign operation modes , 2009 .

[29]  J. Johanson,et al.  The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership , 2009 .

[30]  Lei Li,et al.  Toward More Effective Research on the Multinationality-Performance Relationship , 2009 .

[31]  J. Hennart,et al.  Down with MNE-centric theories! Market entry and expansion as the bundling of MNE and local assets , 2009 .

[32]  J. Dunning.  The eclectic paradigm as an envelope for economic and business theories of MNE activity , 2000 .

[33]  Peter Hall,et al.  Shifting Proximities: The Maritime Ports Sector in an Era of Global Supply Chains , 2010 .

[34]  S. Pettit,et al.  Liner Shipping Companies and Terminal Operators: Internationalisation or Globalisation? , 2003 .