Teamwork and Individual Productivity

We propose a new method to disentangle individual from team productivity, CoScore . CoScore uses the varying membership and levels of success of all teams to simultaneously infer an individual’s productivity and her credit for each of her teams’ successes. Crucially, the productivities of all individuals are determined endogenously via the solution of a fixed point problem. We show that CoScore is well defined, and we provide axiomatic foundations for the inferred credit allocation. We illustrate CoScore in scientific research and sports.

[1]  Raymond D. Sauer,et al.  Estimates of the Returns to Quality and Coauthorship in Economic Academia , 1988, Journal of Political Economy.

[2]  Claudio Castellano,et al.  Universality of citation distributions: Toward an objective measure of scientific impact , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[3]  Gustavo Bergantiños,et al.  Sharing the Revenues from Broadcasting Sport Events , 2020, Manag. Sci..

[4]  Oscar Volij,et al.  The Measurement of Intellectual Influence , 2002 .

[5]  A. D. Jackson,et al.  Measures for measures , 2006, Nature.

[6]  Liaojun Pang,et al.  Determining scientific impact using a collaboration index , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[7]  Janet L. Yellen,et al.  Commodity Bundling and the Burden of Monopoly , 1976 .

[8]  Nils T. Hagen,et al.  Harmonic Allocation of Authorship Credit: Source-Level Correction of Bibliometric Bias Assures Accurate Publication and Citation Analysis , 2008, PloS one.

[9]  Robert D. Tollison,et al.  Intellectual Collaboration , 2000, Journal of Political Economy.

[10]  Oscar Volij,et al.  Axiomatic measures of intellectual influence , 2014 .

[11]  Jasjit Singh,et al.  Lone Inventors as Source of Breakthroughs: Myth or Reality? , 2009, Manag. Sci..

[12]  Mark Newman,et al.  Networks: An Introduction , 2010 .

[13]  Dorit S. Hochbaum,et al.  Methodologies and Algorithms for Group-Rankings Decision , 2006, Manag. Sci..

[14]  Thierry Marchant,et al.  Score-based bibliometric rankings of authors , 2009, J. Assoc. Inf. Sci. Technol..

[15]  Rajeev Motwani,et al.  The PageRank Citation Ranking : Bringing Order to the Web , 1999, WWW 1999.

[16]  T. Keats,et al.  On multiple authorship. , 1996, Skeletal radiology.

[17]  M. Whinston,et al.  Multiproduct Monopoly, Commodity Bundling, and Correlation of Values , 1989 .

[18]  Joshua S. Gans,et al.  First Author Conditions , 1998 .

[19]  Yves Zenou,et al.  Local and consistent centrality measures in parameterized networks , 2017, Math. Soc. Sci..

[20]  Bengt Holmstrom,et al.  Moral Hazard in Teams , 1982 .

[21]  Glenn Ellison,et al.  How Does the Market Use Citation Data? The Hirsch Index in Economics , 2010, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[22]  D. Hamermesh.  Six Decades of Top Economics Publishing: Who and How? , 2012 .

[23]  Victor Ginsburgh,et al.  The museum pass game and its value , 2003, Games Econ. Behav..

[24]  James P. Keener,et al.  The Perron-Frobenius Theorem and the Ranking of Football Teams , 1993, SIAM Rev..

[25]  Robert Slonim,et al.  A New Solution for the Moral Hazard Problem in Team Production , 2015, Manag. Sci..

[26]  Karim R. Lakhani,et al.  Looking Across and Looking Beyond the Knowledge Frontier: Intellectual Distance, Novelty, and Resource Allocation in Science , 2016, Manag. Sci..

[27]  Gabriel Pinski,et al.  Citation influence for journal aggregates of scientific publications: Theory, with application to the literature of physics , 1976, Inf. Process. Manag..

[28]  J. Gans,et al.  Credit History: The Changing Nature of Scientific Credit , 2013 .

[29]  R. McAfee,et al.  OPTIMAL CONTRACTS FOR TEAMS , 1991 .

[30]  Arthur J. Robson,et al.  Certified Random: A New Order for Co-Authorship , 2016 .

[31]  Christopher P. Chambers,et al.  Scholarly influence , 2014, J. Econ. Theory.

[32]  J. E. Hirsch,et al.  An index to quantify an individual's scientific research output , 2005, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.

[33]  Joshua S. Gans,et al.  Exploring Trade-offs in the Organization of Scientific Work: Collaboration and Scientific Reward , 2015, Manag. Sci..

[34]  Philip J. Reny,et al.  How To Count Citations If You Must , 2016 .

[35]  Dan Ariely,et al.  Research Note - The Researcher as a Consumer of Scientific Publications: How Do Name-Ordering Conventions Affect Inferences About Contribution Credits? , 2009, Mark. Sci..

[36]  Benjamin F. Jones.  The Burden of Knowledge and the &Apos;Death of the Renaissance Man&Apos;: Is Innovation Getting Harder? , 2005 .

[37]  Fiona Murray,et al.  Markets for Scientific Attribution , 2014 .

[38]  Albert-László Barabási,et al.  Collective credit allocation in science , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[39]  E. Garfield.  Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation. , 1972, Science.

[40]  J. Aczél,et al.  Lectures on Functional Equations and Their Applications , 1968 .

[41]  P. Bonacich.  Factoring and weighting approaches to status scores and clique identification , 1972 .

[42]  G. Demange.  A Ranking Method Based on Handicaps , 2014, SSRN Electronic Journal.

[43]  David Sally,et al.  The Numbers Game: Why Everything You Know About Soccer Is Wrong , 2013 .

[44]  Gustavo Bergantiños,et al.  The axiomatic approach to the problem of sharing the revenue from museum passes , 2015, Games Econ. Behav..

[45]  S. Liebowitz,et al.  Willful Blindness: The Inefficient Reward Structure in Academic Research , 2013 .