Prediction of survival in Alzheimer's disease—The LASER‐AD longitudinal study

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with variable but shortened life expectancy. Knowing expected survival time may empower people with AD and their families, but clinicians currently have limited predictive information. Our objective was to identify determinants of survival in a cohort of people with mild to moderate AD and test these on a separate validation cohort.

[1]  K. Davis,et al.  A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. , 1984, The American journal of psychiatry.

[2]  G. Alexopoulos,et al.  Cornell scale for depression in dementia , 1988, Biological Psychiatry.

[3]  B B Reiss,et al.  The influence of education, social class and sex on Mini-Mental State scores , 1989, Psychological Medicine.

[4]  M. Lawton,et al.  Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living , 1969 .

[5]  T Ostbye,et al.  A reevaluation of the duration of survival after the onset of dementia. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  M. Sano,et al.  An Inventory to Assess Activities of Daily Living for Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease , 1997, Alzheimer disease and associated disorders.

[7]  S. DeKosky,et al.  Alzheimer disease and mortality: a 15-year epidemiological study. , 2005, Archives of neurology.

[8]  A. Cruess,et al.  Elements of mobility as predictors of survival in elderly patients with dementia: findings from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. , 2000, Chronic diseases in Canada.

[9]  G. Livingston,et al.  Antipsychotics and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: the LASER-Alzheimer’s disease longitudinal study , 2006, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[10]  A. Stone,et al.  Predictors of survival with Alzheimer's disease: a community-based study , 1995, Psychological Medicine.

[11]  J. Whittick,et al.  Parietal Signs and Sinister Prognosis in Dementia , 1991, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[12]  S. Folstein,et al.  "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. , 1975, Journal of psychiatric research.

[13]  V. Mor,et al.  Gender differences in predictors of mortality in nursing home residents with AD , 2001, Neurology.

[14]  J. Brandt,et al.  Motor signs predict poor outcomes in Alzheimer disease , 2005, Neurology.

[15]  J. Becker,et al.  Extrapyramidal signs in patients with probable Alzheimer disease. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[16]  A. Whitehead The prediction of outcome in elderly psychiatric patients , 1976, Psychological Medicine.

[17]  F. Huppert,et al.  CAMDEX: A Standardised Instrument for the Diagnosis of Mental Disorder in the Elderly with Special Reference to the Early Detection of Dementia , 1986, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[18]  C. Pozzilli,et al.  Factors affecting course and survival in Alzheimer's disease. A 9-year longitudinal study. , 1994, Archives of neurology.

[19]  S. Weyerer,et al.  Predictors of mortality among demented elderly in primary care , 1999, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[20]  M. Folstein,et al.  Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease , 1984, Neurology.

[21]  P. Hof,et al.  Pathologic correlates of apraxia in Alzheimer disease. , 1998, Archives of neurology.

[22]  D. Bittner,et al.  Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Stroke , 2003, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[23]  H. Welch,et al.  Survival of outpatients with Alzheimer-type dementia. , 1990, Annals of internal medicine.

[24]  R. Levy,et al.  Factors affecting survival in Alzheimer's disease , 1991, Psychological Medicine.

[25]  D. Levy,et al.  Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. , 1998, Circulation.

[26]  W. Kukull,et al.  Survival after Initial Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease , 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[27]  L. Bour,et al.  Predicting Survival in Patients with Early Alzheimer’s Disease , 1998, Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders.

[28]  C. Pieper,et al.  The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part XIV , 1996, Neurology.

[29]  Yaakov Stern,et al.  Increased risk of mortality in alzheimer's disease patients with more advanced educational and occupational attainment , 1995, Annals of neurology.

[30]  M. Mega,et al.  The Neuropsychiatric Inventory , 1994, Neurology.

[31]  R. Brookmeyer,et al.  Survival following a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. , 2002, Archives of neurology.

[32]  J. Becker,et al.  EEG spectral abnormalities and psychosis as predictors of cognitive and functional decline in probable Alzheimer's disease , 1997, Neurology.

[33]  H. Kraemer,et al.  Neurological and psychiatric predictors of mortality in patients with Alzheimer disease in California. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[34]  L. Sheppard,et al.  Predictors of mortality in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease , 1996, Neurology.

[35]  S. Ryu,et al.  Persistence of and changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer disease over 6 months: the LASER-AD study. , 2005, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[36]  H. Spinnler,et al.  Walking difficulties in patients with Alzheimer’s disease might originate from gait apraxia , 2004, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.

[37]  P. Bossuyt,et al.  A simple test of copying ability and sex define survival in patients with early Alzheimer's disease , 1999, Psychological Medicine.

[38]  M. Albert,et al.  Predicting time to nursing home care and death in individuals with Alzheimer disease. , 1997, JAMA.

[39]  J. Lindeboom,et al.  Increased risk of mortality in Alzheimer's disease patients with higher education? A replication study , 1997, Neurology.