Nanoamplifiers synthesized from gadolinium and gold nanocomposites for magnetic resonance imaging.

We have synthesized an efficient and highly sensitive nanoamplifier composed of gadolinium-doped silica nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vitro and in vivo assays revealed enhancement of signal sensitivity, which may be explained by electron transfer between water and gadolinium-doped nanoparticles, apparent in the presence of gold. In vitro and in vivo evaluation demonstrated nanoamplifier incurred minimal cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity, increased stability, and gradual excretion patterns. Tumor targeted properties were preliminarily determined when the nanoamplifier was injected into mouse models of colon cancer liver metastasis. Furthermore, although AuNPs departed from the nanoamplifiers in specific mice tissues, optical and magnetic resonance imaging was efficient, especially in metastatic tumors. These assays validate our nanoamplifier as an effective MRI signal enhancer with sensitive cancer diagnosis potential.

[1]  C. Colton,et al.  Nitric oxide and redox mechanisms in the immune response , 2011, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[2]  V. Chechik,et al.  Strategies for increasing relaxivity of gold nanoparticle based MRI contrast agents. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[3]  Shuang Li,et al.  Mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulating Gd2O3 as a highly efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent , 2011 .

[4]  Xing Li,et al.  A novel one-step synthesis of Gd3+-incorporated mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles for use as an efficient MRI contrast agent. , 2011, Contrast media & molecular imaging.

[5]  Albert Duschl,et al.  Problems and challenges in the development and validation of human cell-based assays to determine nanoparticle-induced immunomodulatory effects , 2011, Particle and Fibre Toxicology.

[6]  S. Emelianov,et al.  Silica-coated gold nanorods as photoacoustic signal nanoamplifiers. , 2011, Nano letters.

[7]  S. Duckett,et al.  Gd-functionalised Au nanoparticles as targeted contrast agents in MRI: relaxivity enhancement by polyelectrolyte coating. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[8]  Jae-Chang Jung,et al.  Gold nanoparticles coated with gadolinium-DTPA-bisamide conjugate of penicillamine (Au@GdL) as a T1-weighted blood pool contrast agent , 2010 .

[9]  Indrajit Roy,et al.  In vivo biodistribution and clearance studies using multimodal organically modified silica nanoparticles. , 2010, ACS nano.

[10]  C. R. Mayer,et al.  Gold nanoparticles functionalized with gadolinium chelates as high-relaxivity MRI contrast agents. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[11]  Marina A Dobrovolskaia,et al.  Evaluation of nanoparticle immunotoxicity. , 2009, Nature nanotechnology.

[12]  Enzo Terreno,et al.  Pushing the sensitivity envelope of lanthanide-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for molecular imaging applications. , 2009, Accounts of chemical research.

[13]  S. Gaillard,et al.  In vivo imaging of carbon nanotube biodistribution using magnetic resonance imaging. , 2009, Nano letters.

[14]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy. , 2008, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[15]  Petra Krystek,et al.  Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. , 2008, Biomaterials.

[16]  W. Chan,et al.  Nanotoxicity: the growing need for in vivo study. , 2007, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[17]  M. Dobrovolskaia,et al.  Immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials , 2007, Nature Nanotechnology.

[18]  R. Müller,et al.  Chemotherapy of brain tumour using doxorubicin bound to surfactant-coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: revisiting the role of surfactants. , 2007, Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society.

[19]  F. Sánchez‐Madrid,et al.  CD69 is an immunoregulatory molecule induced following activation. , 2005, Trends in immunology.

[20]  K. Leong,et al.  Directed Assembly of Multisegment Au/Pt/Au Nanowires , 2004 .

[21]  Indrajit Roy,et al.  Ceramic-based nanoparticles entrapping water-insoluble photosensitizing anticancer drugs: a novel drug-carrier system for photodynamic therapy. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[22]  Ulf Nyman,et al.  Are gadolinium-based contrast media really safer than iodinated media for digital subtraction angiography in patients with azotemia? , 2002, Radiology.

[23]  T. Murakami,et al.  Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with double arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT. , 2001, Radiology.

[24]  J. Bluestone,et al.  CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation. , 1996, Annual review of immunology.

[25]  R. Brasch,et al.  Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent. , 1984, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[26]  W. Braun,et al.  ESCA and SEXAFS investigations of insulating materials for ULSI microelectronics , 1990 .

[27]  H. Yamatera,et al.  X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of rare-earth compounds , 1984 .

[28]  C. Rao,et al.  XPES studies of oxides of second- and third-row transition metals including rare earths , 1980 .