Nanostructured hydroxyapatite/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite coating for controlling magnesium degradation in simulated body fluid

Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have many attractive properties (e.g. comparable mechanical properties to cortical bone) for orthopedic implant applications, but they degrade too rapidly in the human body to meet clinical requirements. Nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nHA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) composite coatings provide synergistic properties for controlling degradation of Mg-based substrates and improving bone–implant integration. In this study, nHA/PLGA composites were spin coated onto Mg-based substrates and the results showed that the nHA/PLGA coatings retained nano-scale features with nHA dispersed in PLGA matrix. In comparison with non-coated Mg, the nHA/PLGA composite coated Mg increased the corrosion potential and decreased the corrosion current in revised simulated body fluid (rSBF). After 24 h of immersion in rSBF, increased calcium phosphate (CaP) deposition and formation of Mg-substituted CaP rosettes were observed on the surface of the nHA/PLGA coated Mg, indicating greater bioactivity. In contrast, no significant CaP was deposited on the PLGA coated Mg. Since both PLGA coating and nHA/PLGA coating showed some degree of delamination from Mg-based substrates during extended immersion in rSBF, the coating processing and properties should be further optimized in order to take full advantage of biodegradable Mg and nHA/PLGA nanocomposites for orthopedic applications.

[1]  S. Peel,et al.  Effects of magnesium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite coating on implant osseointegration. , 2013, Clinical oral implants research.

[2]  Aaron F. Cipriano,et al.  In vitro degradation of four magnesium–zinc–strontium alloys and their cytocompatibility with human embryonic stem cells , 2013, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.

[3]  Thanh Yen Nguyen,et al.  Nanophase hydroxyapatite and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composites promote human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation in vitro , 2012, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.

[4]  M. Gupta,et al.  Enhancing tensile and compressive strengths of magnesium using nanosize (Al2O3 + Cu) hybrid reinforcements , 2012 .

[5]  Tong Cui,et al.  Electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite coating on Mg-4.0Zn-1.0Ca-0.6Zr alloy and in vitro evaluation of degradation, hemolysis, and cytotoxicity. , 2012, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[6]  Daniel Perchy,et al.  In vitro evaluation of the surface effects on magnesium-yttrium alloy degradation and mesenchymal stem cell adhesion. , 2012, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[7]  Subbu S. Venkatraman,et al.  Evaluating and Modeling the Mechanical Properties of the Prepared PLGA/nano-BCP Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering , 2011 .

[8]  H. Liu,et al.  Nanomaterials enhance osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells similar to a short peptide of BMP-7 , 2011, International journal of nanomedicine.

[9]  H. Liu,et al.  The effects of surface and biomolecules on magnesium degradation and mesenchymal stem cell adhesion. , 2011, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[10]  K. Guo.  A Review of Magnesium/Magnesium Alloys Corrosion , 2011 .

[11]  Ying Chen,et al.  Interaction between a high purity magnesium surface and PCL and PLA coatings during dynamic degradation , 2011, Biomedical materials.

[12]  G. Huynh-Ba,et al.  Early osseointegration to hydrophilic and hydrophobic implant surfaces in humans. , 2011, Clinical oral implants research.

[13]  Jun Hu,et al.  Bioactive calcium phosphate coating formed on micro-arc oxidized magnesium by chemical deposition , 2011 .

[14]  E. Saino,et al.  Stem Cells Grown in Osteogenic Medium on PLGA, PLGA/HA, and Titanium Scaffolds for Surgical Applications , 2010, Bioinorganic chemistry and applications.

[15]  Jin-Woo Park,et al.  Osteoblast response to magnesium ion-incorporated nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces. , 2010, Clinical oral implants research.

[16]  C. Cui,et al.  Growth characteristics and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coating on pure magnesium for biomedical applications , 2010 .

[17]  D. Uskoković,et al.  Size effect of calcium phosphate coated with poly-DL-lactide- co-glycolide on healing processes in bone reconstruction. , 2010, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[18]  P. Cao,et al.  In vitro degradation and cell attachment of a PLGA coated biodegradable Mg–6Zn based alloy , 2010 .

[19]  J. Nellesen,et al.  Magnesium hydroxide temporarily enhancing osteoblast activity and decreasing the osteoclast number in peri-implant bone remodelling. , 2010, Acta biomaterialia.

[20]  Thomas J Webster,et al.  Mechanical properties of dispersed ceramic nanoparticles in polymer composites for orthopedic applications , 2010, International journal of nanomedicine.

[21]  Kelvii Wei Guo,et al.  A Review of Magnesium/Magnesium Alloys Corrosion and its Protection~!2009-10-01~!2009-11-25~!2010-02-11~! , 2010 .

[22]  Thomas J Webster,et al.  Ceramic/polymer nanocomposites with tunable drug delivery capability at specific disease sites. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[23]  Aldo R Boccaccini,et al.  Bone tissue engineering therapeutics: controlled drug delivery in three-dimensional scaffolds , 2010, Journal of The Royal Society Interface.

[24]  M. Sarntinoranont,et al.  Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants , 2009 .

[25]  Li Li,et al.  A review on biodegradable polymeric materials for bone tissue engineering applications , 2009 .

[26]  W. Mueller,et al.  Degradation of magnesium and its alloys: dependence on the composition of the synthetic biological media. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[27]  Guozhi Zhang,et al.  Controlling the biodegradation rate of magnesium using biomimetic apatite coating. , 2009, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[28]  M. Bahrololoom,et al.  Characterisation of natural hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine cortical bone ash , 2009 .

[29]  R. Tang,et al.  Size effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblast-like cells. , 2009, Acta biomaterialia.

[30]  T. Peltola,et al.  Effect of hydroxyapatite and titania nanostructures on early in vivo bone response. , 2008, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[31]  J. Kanczler,et al.  Osteogenesis and angiogenesis: the potential for engineering bone. , 2008, European cells & materials.

[32]  T. Webster,et al.  Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanoparticulate calcium phosphates with higher Ca/P ratios. , 2008, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[33]  C. Chen,et al.  Preparation and Properties of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/ Nano-Hydroxyapatite (NHA) Scaffolds by Thermally Induced Phase Separation and Rabbit MSCs Culture on Scaffolds , 2008, Journal of biomaterials applications.

[34]  A. Singh,et al.  Synergetic Effect of Grain Refinement and Spherical Shaped Precipitate Dispersions in Fracture Toughness of a Mg-Zn-Zr Alloy , 2007 .

[35]  Maizirwan Mel,et al.  Porous hydroxyapatite for artificial bone applications , 2007 .

[36]  T. Webster,et al.  Increased osteoblast functions among nanophase titania/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) composites of the highest nanometer surface roughness. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A.

[37]  Tadashi Kokubo,et al.  How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity? , 2006, Biomaterials.

[38]  G. Song.  Recent Progress in Corrosion and Protection of Magnesium Alloys , 2005 .

[39]  A. Entezami,et al.  DEGRADITION OF POLY (D,L-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) 50:50 IMPLANT IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM , 2005 .

[40]  Peter X Ma,et al.  Structure and properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/polymer composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. , 2004, Biomaterials.

[41]  Jan-Erik Svensson,et al.  Corrosion of magnesium in humid air , 2004 .

[42]  Y Akagawa,et al.  Action of FGMgCO3Ap-collagen composite in promoting bone formation. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[43]  Masakazu Kawashita,et al.  Novel bioactive materials with different mechanical properties. , 2003, Biomaterials.

[44]  D. Wise,et al.  Enhanced bioactivity of a poly(propylene fumarate) bone graft substitute by augmentation with nano-hydroxyapatite. , 2003, Bio-medical materials and engineering.

[45]  Ramakrishna Venugopalan,et al.  Nanostructured ceramics for biomedical implants. , 2002, Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

[46]  J. Rigelsford.  Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled release Technology , 2002 .

[47]  T. Webster,et al.  Hydroxylapatite with substituted magnesium, zinc, cadmium, and yttrium. II. Mechanisms of osteoblast adhesion. , 2002, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[48]  Mamoru Mabuchi,et al.  Processing of biocompatible porous Ti and Mg , 2001 .

[49]  K A Gross,et al.  Material fundamentals and clinical performance of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings: a review. , 2001, Journal of biomedical materials research.

[50]  Steve Weiner,et al.  THE MATERIAL BONE: Structure-Mechanical Function Relations , 1998 .

[51]  B. C. Wang,et al.  Changes in phases and crystallinity of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings under heat treatment: a quantitative study. , 1995, Journal of biomedical materials research.