PROCESSES GOVERNING HYDROCHORY ALONG RIVERS: HYDRAULICS, HYDROLOGY, AND DISPERSAL PHENOLOGY

Rivers are important corridors for movement, migration, and dispersal of aquatic organisms as well as for dispersal of the seeds and vegetative propagules of riparian plants. In this investigation, the relationships between flow regime, channel morphology, dispersal phenology, and seed deposition patterns were evaluated using experimentation in a flume. A channel with geomorphic features common to a wide range of stream morphologies was constructed in a 1.8 × 20 m experimental flume through which three hydrologic regimes (one natural and two typical of dam releases) were routed in replicated trials. Relationships between dispersal phenology and hydrologic regime were examined using color-coded Betula fontinalis seeds released over each 10-min trial. Spatial patterns of seed deposition along stream margins were then compared to determine the individual and combined effects of flow regime, fluvial feature, and timing of seed release. Reynolds number, Froude number, Weber number, flow velocity, and a dimensi...

[1]  W. M. Lonsdale,et al.  Rates of spread of an invading species - Mimosa pigra in northern Australia. , 1993 .

[2]  D. Patten,et al.  Woody riparian vegetation response to different alluvial water table regimes. , 2000 .

[3]  M. Krasny,et al.  Establishment of four Salicaceae species on river bars in interior Alaska , 1988 .

[4]  Gregor T. Auble,et al.  Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees , 1996 .

[5]  Maureen M. Toner,et al.  RIVER HYDROLOGY AND RIPARIAN WETLANDS: A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR ECOLOGICAL ASSEMBLY , 1997 .

[6]  R. Turner,et al.  Recent vegetation changes along the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead, Arizona , 1980 .

[7]  W. Lewis,et al.  Restoration of riparian forest using irrigation, artificial disturbance, and natural seedfall , 1995 .

[8]  F. Mouillot,et al.  Flood drift and propagule bank of aquatic macrophytes in a riverine wetland , 1998 .

[9]  R. Sparks,et al.  THE NATURAL FLOW REGIME. A PARADIGM FOR RIVER CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION , 1997 .

[10]  R. Naiman,et al.  The Role of Riparian Corridors in Maintaining Regional Biodiversity. , 1993, Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America.

[11]  E. Menges,et al.  INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF FIRE AND MICROHABITAT ON PLANTS OF FLORIDA SCRUB , 1998 .

[12]  Marc P. Armstrong,et al.  Landscape fragmentation and dispersal in a model of riparian forest dynamics , 1990 .

[13]  P. J. Whiting,et al.  Annual hysteresis in bed load rating curves , 1998 .

[14]  C. Nilsson,et al.  Fragmentation and Flow Regulation of River Systems in the Northern Third of the World , 1994, Science.

[15]  J. McBride,et al.  Establishment and Survival of Woody Riparian Species on Gravel Bars of an Intermittent Stream , 1984 .

[16]  R. Naiman,et al.  The Ecology of Interfaces: Riparian Zones , 1997 .

[17]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Hydrochory, population dynamics and distribution of the clonal aquatic plant Ranunculus lingua , 1993 .

[18]  Eric S. Menges,et al.  Plant Strategies in Relation to Elevation and Light in Floodplain Herbs , 1983, The American Naturalist.

[19]  B. Everitt,et al.  Ecology of saltcedar—A plea for research , 1980 .

[20]  Cheryl E. Bradley,et al.  Plains cottonwood recruitment and survival on a prairie meandering river floodplain, Milk River, southern Alberta and northern Montana , 1986 .

[21]  J. Schmidt.  Recirculating Flow and Sedimentation in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, Arizona , 1990, The Journal of Geology.

[22]  D. Rubin,et al.  Nonperiodic Eddy Pulsations , 1995 .

[23]  G. Houle.  Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Components of Regeneration of Four Sympatric Tree Species -- Acer Rubrum, A. Saccharum, Betula Alleghaniensis and Fagus Grandifolia , 1994 .

[24]  R. Naiman,et al.  Vulnerability of riparian zones to invasion by exotic vascular plants , 2000, Plant Ecology.

[25]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Importance of hydrochory in structuring plant communities along rivers , 1991 .

[26]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Effects of river fragmentation on plant dispersal and riparian flora , 2000 .

[27]  Gregor T. Auble,et al.  Relating Riparian Vegetation to Present and Future Streamflows , 1994 .

[28]  D. Simberloff,et al.  BIOTIC INVASIONS: CAUSES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES, AND CONTROL , 2000 .

[29]  J. W. Hughes,et al.  Pattern and process of a floodplain forest, Vermont, USA: predicted responses of vegetation to perturbation , 1997 .

[30]  P. M. Wade,et al.  How important are rivers for supporting plant invasions. , 1994 .

[31]  M. Madej,et al.  CHANNEL RESPONSE TO SEDIMENT WAVE PROPAGATION AND MOVEMENT, REDWOOD CREEK, CALIFORNIA, USA , 1996 .

[32]  S. Skoglund.  Seed dispersing agents in two regularly flooded river sites. , 1990 .

[33]  Geoffrey E. Petts,et al.  Impounded Rivers: Perspectives for Ecological Management , 1984 .

[34]  Rebecca L. Schneider,et al.  Hydrochory and Regeneration in A Bald Cypress‐Water Tupelo Swamp Forest , 1988 .

[35]  D. Kleinbaum,et al.  Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods , 1978 .

[36]  Christophe Thébaud,et al.  Rapid invasion of Fraxinus ornus L. along the Herault River system in southern France: the importance of seed dispersal by water , 1991 .

[37]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Do rivers function as corridors for plant dispersal , 1996 .

[38]  D. M. Thompson,et al.  Velocity reversals and sediment sorting in pools and riffles controlled by channel constrictions , 1999 .

[39]  P. B. Cavers,et al.  An experimental study of water dispersal in Polygonum spp. , 1976 .

[40]  Cyclic Fluvial Processes and Bias in Environmental Monitoring, Colorado River in Grand Canyon , 1995, The Journal of Geology.

[41]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Fragmentation of riparian floras in rivers with multiple dams , 2000 .

[42]  Petr Pyšek,et al.  Plant invasions and the role of riparian habitats: a comparison of four species alien to central Europe. , 1993 .

[43]  E. Wohl,et al.  Sediment deposition and transport patterns following a reservoir sediment release , 2000 .

[44]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  A Comparison of Species Richness and Traits of Riparian Plants between a Main River Channel and Its Tributaries , 1994 .

[45]  K. Kubitzki,et al.  Seed dispersal in flood plain forests of Amazonia , 1994 .

[46]  Melvin J. Dubnick.  Army Corps of Engineers , 1998 .

[47]  D. E. Busch,et al.  Mechanisms Associated With Decline of Woody Species in Riparian Ecosystems of the Southwestern U.S. , 1995 .

[48]  M. V. Price,et al.  PATTERNS OF SEED DISPERSAL AND POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION IN MIMULUS GUTTATUS , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[49]  Christer Nilsson,et al.  Plant dispersal in boreal rivers and its relation to the diversity of riparian flora , 2000 .

[50]  Risto Kalliola,et al.  New site formation and colonizing vegetation in primary succession on the western Amazon floodplains. , 1991 .

[51]  H. Nepf.  Drag, turbulence, and diffusion in flow through emergent vegetation , 1999 .