LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF IPS LATIDENS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Abstract The life history and biology of Ips latidens (LeConte) were investigated using bark-sandwich and whole-log rearing methods. In contrast with other Ips spp., some females initiated galleries under conditions of female-biased sex ratios, and sometimes 2 or more males were present in a gallery. In general, however, I. latidens exhibited typical ipine characteristics. A single male usually admitted 1–3 females into a gallery. Females oviposited at a rate of 2.25 eggs/day and achieved a mean fecundity of 64.4 eggs. The larval stage comprised 80% of the generation time (egg to teneral adult) and analysis of head-capsule widths disclosed 3 larval instars. The mean survivorship within broods was 56.0% after 70 days; the reproductive success of monogamous pairs of beetles was 36.1 teneral adults. Single females constructed 3–4 egg tunnels/gallery system; hence, harem size cannot always be inferred from the number of egg tunnels in each gallery. The mean generation time in the laboratory was 2.07 × greater than for I. pini. By comparing laboratory data on I. latidens with laboratory and field data on I. pini, the generation time of I. latidens is estimated at 64–124 days in the field. In south-central British Columbia, I. latidens probably has 1 generation, and possibly 2 broods, per year. Résumé Le cycle vital de la biologie de Ips latidens (LeConte) ont été étudiés par élevage sur écorce en sandwich et sur bûche entière. Contrairement à ce qui se passe chez d'autres Ips spp., certaines femelles ont initié des galeries lorsqu'un sexe ratio biaisé en faveur des femelles prévalait, et on a observé la présence occasionnelle de 2 ou plusieurs mâles dans une galerie. Cependant, I. latidens présentait généralement les caractéristiques typiques des ipines. Un mâle admettait normalement de 1 à 3 femelles dans une galerie. Les femelles ont pondu à raison de 2,25 oeufs/jour, réalisant une fécondité moyenne de 64,4 oeufs. Le développement larvaire comptait pour 80% du temps de génération (de l'oeuf à l'adulte nouveau) et l'analyse de la largeur de la capsule céphalique a révélé 3 stades larvaires. La survie moyenne des couvées était de 56,0% après 70 jours. Le succès de reproduction des couples monogames a été de 36,1 adultes nouveaux. Les femelles isolées ont construit 3 ou 4 tunnels par système de galeries. La durée moyenne d'une génération au laboratoire était de 2,07 fois plus longue que pour I. pini. Une comparaison des données de laboratoire portant sur I. latidens avec des données de laboratoire et de terrain sur I. pini permet d'estimer la durée d'une génération de I. latidens à 64–124 jours sur le terrain. Il est probable qu'au centre-sud de la Colombie-Britannique, I. latidens a 1 génération par année et produit 2 couvées.

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