Ketoprofen in topical formulation decreases the matrix metalloproteinase‐2 expression and pulmonary metastatic incidence in nude mice with osteosarcoma

The aim of this study was to investigate whether ketoprofen (KP) in topical formulation affected the tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis of LM8 cells, which were inoculated subcutaneously into the back space of male nude mice. At 7 days after inoculation, the tumor was treated topically for 3 weeks with either a KP‐containing patch (KP group) or a placebo‐containing patch (placebo group). The pulmonary metastatic incidence was 100% in the placebo group and 60% in the KP group. The tumor mass of the KP group without pulmonary metastasis, termed the KP/metastasis(−) group, was smaller than that of the placebo group. Immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL), matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. The tumors of the KP/metastasis(−) group contained fewer PCNA‐positive cells and many more TUNEL‐positive cells in comparison to the placebo group. In the placebo group, MMP‐2 and VEGF were extensively expressed within the tumor, whereas in the KP/metastasis(−) group the expression of these two proteins was very low. In conclusion, the topical treatment of osteosarcoma with KP decreased the expression of MMP‐2 and VEGF, thus resulting in the suppression of tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 909–915, 2009