Introduction to Shape-Memory Alloys

The background information on shape-memory alloys (SMAs) is presented in this chapter. A brief history of the development and application of SMAs is first introduced, which is followed by a detailed discussion on two fundamental properties of SMAs, i.e. superelastic effect (SE) and shape-memory effect (SME). The potential of the two unique properties for civil engineering application is then elaborated together with a demonstration of several existing projects that successfully adopted the SMA technology. The necessary manufacturing procedures ensuring satisfactory thermal–mechanical properties of SMA products are highlighted, and the civil engineering-oriented experimental characterization methods are introduced. Finally, the available constitutive models for SMAs are introduced with a focus on phenomenological modelling approaches, which are more suited to the civil engineering application. Although the information provided in this chapter would suffice for practical civil/structural engineers who are interested in this topic, the reader should recognise that a wealth of knowledge exists on the relevant subjects, which are available in a vast body of literature.

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