Electrochemical Biosensors for the Determination of Cardiovascular Markers: a Review

Nowadays there is a growing interest in the de- velopment of devices for the fast and reliable detection and quantification of biomarkers associated with cardio- vascular diseases (CVDs). The main objective is not only an early diagnosis of these diseases but also predicting the risk that an individual can suffer CVD. Electrochemi- cal biosensors can play a key role in the development of low cost, portable and rapid sensing platforms for this purpose. This review discusses critically the state of the art in the development, applications and potential suita- bility of electrochemical biosensors for the determination of cardiovascular biomarkers as well as the required char- acteristics that these sensors should fulfill to be finally ac- cepted in the clinical community.

[1]  N. He,et al.  MCM-41 mesoporous material modified carbon paste electrode for the determination of cardiac troponin I by anodic stripping voltammetry. , 2005, Talanta.

[2]  R. F. Dutra,et al.  Potential of a simplified measurement scheme and device structure for a low cost label-free point-of-care capacitive biosensor. , 2009, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[3]  A. Archakov,et al.  Electrochemical Methods for the Investigation of Bioaffinity Interactions Based on Gold Nanoparticles Modified Sensors , 2009 .

[4]  Se Young Oh,et al.  Electrochemical detection of cardiac troponin I using a microchip with the surface-functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) channel. , 2007, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  L. Piras,et al.  Colloidal gold based electrochemical immunoassays for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction , 2005 .

[6]  Minkyu Je,et al.  Multiplexed detection of cardiac biomarkers in serum with nanowire arrays using readout ASIC. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[7]  Bo Zhang,et al.  A novel microfluidic immunoassay system based on electrochemical immunosensors: an application for the detection of NT-proBNP in whole blood. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[8]  Y. Miao Thin-layer Impedimetric Biosensors for the Free-label Immunoassay , 2005 .

[9]  F. Spener,et al.  An immunosensor based on disposable electrodes for rapid estimation of fatty acid-binding protein, an early marker of myocardial infarction. , 1997, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  Guo-Jun Zhang,et al.  An integrated chip for rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection of cardiac biomarkers from fingerprick blood. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[11]  Jens Ducrée,et al.  Design and fabrication of a COP‐based microfluidic chip: Chronoamperometric detection of Troponin T , 2012, Electrophoresis.

[12]  Haesik Yang,et al.  Optimization of phosphatase- and redox cycling-based immunosensors and its application to ultrasensitive detection of troponin I. , 2011, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  Yukari Sato,et al.  Electrochemical enzyme immunoassay of a peptide hormone at picomolar levels. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[14]  Berta Esteban-Fernández de Ávila,et al.  Disposable amperometric magnetoimmunosensor for the sensitive detection of the cardiac biomarker amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in human serum. , 2013, Analytica chimica acta.

[15]  Bhim Bali Prasad,et al.  Multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded molecularly imprinted polymer-modified screen printed carbon electrode for the quantitative analysis of C-reactive protein , 2012 .

[16]  Ashutosh Tiwari,et al.  An ultrasensitive molecularly-imprinted human cardiac troponin sensor. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[17]  J. Niazi,et al.  Biosensors for cardiac biomarkers detection: A review , 2012 .

[18]  F. T. Moreira,et al.  Artificial antibodies for troponin T by its imprinting on the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes: its use as sensory surfaces. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  Miloslav Pravda,et al.  Development of a disposable immunosensor for the detection of human heart fatty-acid binding protein in human whole blood using screen-printed carbon electrodes. , 2002, Talanta.

[20]  Jason J. Davis,et al.  An optimised electrochemical biosensor for the label-free detection of C-reactive protein in blood. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[21]  A. Archakov,et al.  Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Metal Nanoparticles for Cardiac Myoglobin Detection in Human Blood Plasma , 2011 .

[22]  L. Kubota,et al.  An o-aminobenzoic acid film-based immunoelectrode for detection of the cardiac troponin T in human serum , 2013 .

[23]  John Greenman,et al.  Voltammetric Immunoassay for the Detection of Protein Biomarkers , 2012 .

[24]  M. Marco,et al.  Ultrasensitive amperometric magnetoimmunosensor for human C-reactive protein quantification in serum , 2013 .

[25]  Reinhard Renneberg,et al.  Enzyme immunosensor for diagnosis of myocardial infarction , 1996 .

[26]  C. McNeil,et al.  Multicenter evaluation of an amperometric immunosensor for plasma fatty acid-binding protein: an early marker for acute myocardial infarction. , 1999, Clinical biochemistry.

[27]  R. F. Dutra,et al.  A carbon nanotube screen-printed electrode for label-free detection of the human cardiac troponin T. , 2013, Talanta.

[28]  P. Millner,et al.  Mixed self-assembled monolayer (mSAM) based impedimetric immunosensors for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) , 2012 .

[29]  R. Iosub,et al.  Electrochemical studies of homogeneous self-assembled monolayers versus mixed self-assembled monolayers on gold electrode for “label free” detection of heart fatty acid binding protein , 2012 .

[30]  Peng Li,et al.  Application of a Fab fragment of monoclonal antibody specific to N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide for the detection based on regeneration-free electrochemical immunosensor , 2011, Biotechnology Letters.

[31]  Mohammad Hasanzadeh,et al.  Electrochemical nano-immunosensing of effective cardiac biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction , 2013 .

[32]  P. Goswami,et al.  Heart type fatty acid binding protein: structure, function and biosensing applications for early detection of myocardial infarction. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[33]  G. Sumana,et al.  Application of conducting paper for selective detection of troponin , 2012 .

[34]  G. Guilbault,et al.  Development of Biosensor Array for Rapid Detection of Cardiac Markers: Immunosensor for Detection of Free Cardiac Troponin I , 2003 .

[35]  Zhen Yang,et al.  Cardiac markers and their point-of-care testing for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. , 2006, Clinical biochemistry.

[36]  V. Cherkasov,et al.  An ultrasensitive and stable potentiometric immunosensor. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[37]  N. He,et al.  Molecular sieves materials modified carbon paste electrodes for the determination of cardiac troponin I by anodic stripping voltammetry , 2005 .

[38]  Y. Chai,et al.  Ultrasensitive electrochemical strategy for NT-proBNP detection with gold nanochains and horseradish peroxidase complex amplification. , 2011, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[39]  Marc P Y Desmulliez,et al.  Lab-on-a-chip based immunosensor principles and technologies for the detection of cardiac biomarkers: a review. , 2011, Lab on a chip.

[40]  Miloslav Pravda,et al.  Direct detection of myoglobin in whole blood using a disposable amperometric immunosensor , 2002 .

[41]  A. Archakov,et al.  Electrochemical nanobiosensor for express diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in undiluted plasma. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[42]  Ulrich Friess,et al.  Cardiac markers: a clear cause for point-of-care testing , 2009, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[43]  Jun‐Jie Zhu,et al.  Ultrasensitive multianalyte electrochemical immunoassay based on metal ion functionalized titanium phosphate nanospheres. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[44]  M. P. Sotomayor,et al.  Disposable immunosensor for human cardiac troponin T based on streptavidin-microsphere modified screen-printed electrode. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[45]  Yukari Sato,et al.  Surface electrochemical enzyme immunoassay for the highly sensitive measurement of B-type natriureric peptide , 2005 .

[46]  T. Kita,et al.  Serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 correlates with oxidative stress markers in stable coronary artery disease. , 2009, International journal of cardiology.

[47]  María Pedrero,et al.  Disposable Electrochemical Magnetoimmunosensor for the Determination of Troponin T Cardiac Marker , 2013 .

[48]  Takeshi Kimura,et al.  Serum Soluble Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Levels Are Elevated in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Novel Marker for Early Diagnosis , 2005, Circulation.

[49]  T. Rocha-Santos,et al.  Disposable immunosensors for C-reactive protein based on carbon nanotubes field effect transistors. , 2013, Talanta.

[50]  Haesik Yang,et al.  "Outer-sphere to inner-sphere" redox cycling for ultrasensitive immunosensors. , 2012, Analytical chemistry.

[51]  J. Keaney Circulating biomarkers in acute coronary syndromes: something different or more of the same? , 2005, Circulation.

[52]  R. F. Dutra,et al.  A carbon nanotube-based electrochemical immunosensor for cardiac troponin T , 2013 .

[53]  A. West,et al.  Development of a troponin I biosensor using a peptide obtained through phage display. , 2010, Analytical chemistry.

[54]  Yasar Gurbuz,et al.  Label-free capacitive biosensor for sensitive detection of multiple biomarkers using gold interdigitated capacitor arrays. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[55]  Ning Gan,et al.  A Renewable Amperometric Immunosensor for hs-CRP Based on Functionalized Fe3O4@Au Magnetic Nanoparticles Attracted on Fe (III) Phthlocyanine/Chitosan-Membrane Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode by a Magnet , 2011 .

[56]  Devendra Kumar,et al.  Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy characterization of mercaptopropionic acid capped ZnS nanocrystal based bioelectrode for the detection of the cardiac biomarker--myoglobin. , 2012, Bioelectrochemistry.