Effective Parallelism for Equation and Jacobian Evaluation in Power Flow Calculation

This letter investigates parallelism approaches for equations and Jacobian evaluation in power flow calculations. Two levels of parallelism are proposed and analyzed: inter-model parallelism, which evaluates models in parallel, and intra-model parallelism, which evaluates calculations within each model in parallel. Parallelism techniques such as multi-threading and single instruction multiple data (SIMD) vectorization are discussed, implemented, and benchmarked as six calculation workflows. Case studies on the 70,000-bus synthetic grid show that equation evaluations can be accelerated by ten times, and the overall Newton power flow outperforms MATPOWER by 20%.