Systematic energy relaxation in MER heat exchanger networks

Abstract The pinch-design method can efficiently generate a network which satisfies the utilities target for a given value of the minimum-approach temperature difference. However, this design normally contains more than the minimum number of heat-exchanger units. Loop-breaking and energy relaxation may be used to eliminate these additional units—the well-known capital-energy tradeoff. At each stage of loop-breaking, it has been recommended that the unit with the smallest heat load be removed. This study shows that blind application of such a simple heuristic can lead to suboptimal designs with respect to energy consumption, because such a simple heuristic ignores loop—network interactions. Analysis of loops in the context of the overall network identifies constrained exchangers and often reveals those exchangers which are the most suitable candidates for deletion. With such insights, loop-breaking can be carried out appropriately with consequent minimal increase in energy consumption.