Aminolaevulinic acid diffusion characteristics in ‘in vitro’ normal human skin and actinic keratosis: implications for topical photodynamic therapy

Background: The response rate of aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)‐based photodynamic therapy (PDT) in certain subtypes of actinic keratosis (AK), such as hypertrophic and hyperkeratotic lesions, is variable, an effect attributable to a supposed lack of ALA penetration. A detailed and depth‐related profile of spatial ALA permeation in AK following drug administration would lead to a greater understanding of concentrations achievable before protoporphyrin IX biosynthesis and subsequent PDT.

[1]  Brian W. Barry,et al.  Variations in permeability of human skin within and between specimens , 1984 .

[2]  P. Elias,et al.  Percutaneous transport in relation to stratum corneum structure and lipid composition. , 1981, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[3]  L. O. Svaasand,et al.  Light and drug distribution with topically administered photosensitizers , 1996, Lasers in Medical Science.

[4]  J. H. Price,et al.  Evaluation of a water-soluble bioadhesive patch for photodynamic therapy of vulval lesions. , 2005, International journal of pharmaceutics.

[5]  J. W. van Dongen,et al.  Photodynamic therapy with violet light and topical δ‐aminolaevulinic acid in the treatment of actinic keratosis, Bowen’s disease and basal cell carcinoma , 2001, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.

[6]  CLAUDE C. FRAZIER,et al.  PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY , 1996, International journal of dermatology.

[7]  P Lehmann,et al.  Preferential Relative Porphyrin Enrichment in Solar Keratoses upon Topical Application of ^‐Aminolevulinic Acid Methylester , 1998, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[8]  K Svanberg,et al.  Photodynamic therapy of non‐melanoma malignant tumours of the skin using topical δ‐amino levulinic acid sensitization and laser irradiation , 1994, The British journal of dermatology.

[9]  M. Landthaler,et al.  Photodynamic therapy with topical application of 5-aminolevulinic acid in the treatment of actinic keratoses: an initial clinical study. , 1996, Dermatology.

[10]  J. Kennedy,et al.  Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX: basic principles and present clinical experience. , 1990, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[11]  H Kerl,et al.  Primary clinical response and long-term follow-up of solar keratoses treated with topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid and irradiation by different wave bands of light. , 1997, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology.

[12]  E. Jeffes,et al.  Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride and fluorescent blue light. , 2001, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.

[13]  Stanley B. Brown,et al.  Chronic UVB exposure enhances in vitro percutaneous penetration of 5‐aminulevulinic acid in hairless mouse skin , 2004, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[14]  J. Fuchs,et al.  The role of oxygen in cutaneous photodynamic therapy. , 1998, Free radical biology & medicine.