Spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity of early vision

Based on the spatial and temporal statistics of natural images, a theory is developed that specifies spatiotemporal filters that maximize the flow of information through noisy channels of limited dynamic range. Sensitivities resulting from these spatiotemporal filters are very similar to the human spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity, including the dependence on ambient light intensity. The theory predicts several psychophysical laws: Ferry-Porter's law, the de Vries-Rose law, Weber's law, Bloch's law, Ricco's law, and Piper's law.

[1]  D. H. Kelly.  Visual response to time-dependent stimuli. I. Amplitude sensitivity measurements. , 1961, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[2]  D. Turcotte,et al.  Fractal image analysis - Application to the topography of Oregon and synthetic images. , 1990 .

[3]  E. Kretzmer.  Statistics of television signals , 1952 .

[4]  D. H. Kelly.  Visual Contrast Sensitivity , 1977 .

[5]  R. Glantz,et al.  Motion detection and adaptation in crayfish photoreceptors. A spatiotemporal analysis of linear movement sensitivity , 1991, The Journal of general physiology.

[6]  F. Campbell,et al.  Optical quality of the human eye , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[7]  H. D. L. Dzn.  Research into the dynamic nature of the human fovea-cortex systems with intermittent and modulated light. I. Attenuation characteristics with white and colored light. , 1958 .

[8]  D J Field,et al.  Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[9]  A. Snyder,et al.  Transduction as a limitation on compound eye function and design , 1983, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[10]  M. A. Bouman,et al.  Spatiotemporal modulation transfer in the human eye. , 1967, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[11]  H. Collewijn,et al.  Binocular retinal image motion during active head rotation , 1980, Vision Research.

[12]  A B Watson,et al.  Transfer of contrast sensitivity in linear visual networks , 1992, Visual Neuroscience.

[13]  D. Baylor,et al.  Visual transduction in cones of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[14]  H. Vries.  The quantum character of light and its bearing upon threshold of vision, the differential sensitivity and visual acuity of the eye , 1943 .

[15]  M. A. Bouman,et al.  II Quantum Fluctuations in Vision , 1985 .

[16]  D. H. Kelly.  Motion and vision. II. Stabilized spatio-temporal threshold surface. , 1979, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[17]  Simon B. Laughlin,et al.  Form and function in retinal processing , 1987, Trends in Neurosciences.

[18]  J. Robson.  Spatial and Temporal Contrast-Sensitivity Functions of the Visual System , 1966 .

[19]  J. Roufs,et al.  Dynamic properties of vision. II. Theoretical relationships between flicker and flash thresholds. , 1972, Vision research.

[20]  R. Bracewell.  The Fourier Transform and Its Applications , 1966 .

[21]  Stanford Goldman,et al.  Information theory , 1953 .

[22]  M. A. Bouman,et al.  Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns. I. The near peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0 degrees-8 degrees). , 1978, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[23]  S. Laughlin.  A Simple Coding Procedure Enhances a Neuron's Information Capacity , 1981, Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. Section C, Biosciences.

[24]  H. Olson.  Literature Review : NOISE: SOURCES, CHARACTERIZATION, MEASUREMENT Albert Van Der Ziel Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J. (1970) , 1972 .

[25]  Allan W. Snyder,et al.  Information capacity of eyes , 1977, Vision Research.

[26]  Barbara Blakeslee,et al.  The intracellular pupil mechanism and photoreceptor signal: noise ratios in the fly Lucilia cuprina , 1987, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[27]  G. J. Burton,et al.  Color and spatial structure in natural scenes. , 1987, Applied optics.

[28]  J J Koenderink,et al.  Spatiotemporal contrast detection threshold surface is bimodal. , 1979, Optics letters.

[29]  S. Laughlin,et al.  Matching Coding to Scenes to Enhance Efficiency , 1983 .

[30]  S. Laughlin,et al.  Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina , 1982, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[31]  H. Barlow.  Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities , 1958, The Journal of physiology.

[32]  A. Ziel.  Noise; sources, characterization, measurement , 1970 .