Soil Disinfestation Efficacy against Soil Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Crops in Spain: An Overview

(1) Background: Strawberry cultivation is highly dependent on soil disinfestation for proper development. Since the definitive methyl bromide phase-out, other chemicals have been used as alternatives. This research provides an overview on the efficacies of soil disinfestation methods on controlling soil fungal diseases of strawberry. (2) Methods: The efficacy of several soil disinfestation methods on soil fungal pathogens (SFP: Fusarium spp. and Macrophominaphaseolina) was analyzed in experimental field trials during eleven growing seasons. (3) Results: Average efficiencies in reducing soil pathogen inocula for soil disinfestation techniques are given. Soil disinfestations with chloropicrin, allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, methyl iodide:chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide reduced Fusarium spp. and M. phaseolina soil inocula by more than 90%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced Fusarium spp. soil populations by 80% and M. phaseolina by 79%. Reductions in plant mortality and increases in fruit yields over the untreated controls did not differ between chemically fumigated and biosolarized plots. (4) Conclusions: Soil fungal pathogens are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils in intensive strawberry crops in Spain. In the case of mixed infestations of SFP with nematodes, the most efficient treatment in suppressing soil-borne diseases was soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, but other alternative chemicals, such as allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, and dimethyl disulfide, provided high efficacies in reducing the SFP inocula. Soil biosolarization is proposed as an effective alternative to chemical soil fumigation for strawberry cultivation in Southern Spain when SFP inocula is not remarkably high.

[1]  S. Koike,et al.  Multitactic Preplant Soil Fumigation with Allyl Isothiocyanate in Cut Flowers and Strawberry , 2020, HortTechnology.

[2]  M. Romero-Gámez,et al.  Environmental footprint of cultivating strawberry in Spain , 2020, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment.

[3]  N. Greco,et al.  Sustainability of European vegetable and strawberry production in relation to fumigation practices in the EU , 2020 .

[4]  M. Talavera,et al.  Nematode Management in the Strawberry Fields of Southern Spain , 2019, Agronomy.

[5]  C. Borrero,et al.  First Report of Vascular Wilt Caused by Fusarium proliferatum on Strawberry in Spain , 2019, Plant Disease.

[6]  G. Vallad,et al.  Effect of Formulations of Allyl Isothiocyanate on Survival of Macrophomina phaseolina from Strawberry. , 2018, Plant disease.

[7]  A. Cao,et al.  Evaluation of allyl isothiocyanate as a soil fumigant against soil-borne diseases in commercial tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production in China. , 2018, Pest management science.

[8]  P. Caboni,et al.  A review of isothiocyanates biofumigation activity on plant parasitic nematodes , 2017, Phytochemistry Reviews.

[9]  M. Talavera,et al.  Fumigant Use for Strawberry Production in Europe: The Current Landscape and Solutions , 2016 .

[10]  J. J. Medina,et al.  Assessment of chemical and biosolarization treatments for the control of Macrophomina phaseolina in strawberries , 2015 .

[11]  J. J. Medina,et al.  Evaluation of biosolarization for the control of charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) in strawberry , 2015 .

[12]  B. Guery,et al.  Development of a New Gastight Film Containing Evoh , 2014 .

[13]  Oleg Daugovish,et al.  Soil biosolarization for sustainable strawberry production , 2014, Agronomy for Sustainable Development.

[14]  A. M. Pastrana,et al.  First Report of Fusarium solani Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry Crops in Southwestern Spain. , 2014, Plant disease.

[15]  A. Gomez,et al.  Macrophomina phaseolina and Its Association with Strawberry Crown Rot in Australia , 2013 .

[16]  P. Caboni,et al.  Botanical nematicides: a review. , 2012, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[17]  S. Freeman,et al.  Survival, Host-Pathogen Interaction, and Management of Macrophomina phaseolina on Strawberry in Israel. , 2012, Plant disease.

[18]  A. Aguado,et al.  First Report of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Strawberry in Spain. , 2009, Plant disease.

[19]  粕山 新二,et al.  Macrophomina phaseolinaによるキク炭腐病（新称） , 2008 .

[20]  M. Avilés,et al.  First report of Macrophomina phaseolina causing crown and root rot of strawberry in Spain , 2008 .

[21]  John F. Leslie,et al.  The Fusarium laboratory manual. , 2006 .

[22]  S. Benlioglu,et al.  Alternative Soil Solarization Treatments for the Control of Soil‐borne Diseases and Weeds of Strawberry in the Western Anatolia of Turkey , 2005 .

[23]  D. Macherel,et al.  Dimethyl disulfide exerts insecticidal neurotoxicity through mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of insect K(ATP) channels. , 2003, Journal of neurophysiology.

[24]  R. Aggarwal,et al.  Solarization and natural heating of irrigated soil amended with cruciferous residues for improved control of Macrophomina phaseolina , 1997 .

[25]  G. Papavizas.  Isolation and Quantitative Determination of Macrophomina phaseolina from Soil , 1975 .

[26]  Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria , 1965, Nature.