Decentred optical axes and aberrations along principal visual field meridians

Suggestions that peripheral imagery may affect the development of refractive error have led to interest in the variation in refraction and aberration across the visual field. It is shown that, if the optical system of the eye is rotationally symmetric about an optical axis which does not coincide with the visual axis, measurements of refraction and aberration made along the horizontal and vertical meridians of the visual field will show asymmetry about the visual axis. The departures from symmetry are modelled for second-order aberrations, refractive components and third-order coma. These theoretical results are compared with practical measurements from the literature. The experimental data support the concept that departures from symmetry about the visual axis in the measurements of crossed-cylinder astigmatism J(45) and J(180) are largely explicable in terms of a decentred optical axis. Measurements of the mean sphere M suggest, however, that the retinal curvature must differ in the horizontal and vertical meridians.

[1]  W. Lotmar,et al.  Peripheral astigmatism in the human eye: experimental data and theoretical model predictions. , 1974, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[2]  Dion H Scott,et al.  Monochromatic aberrations of human eyes in the horizontal visual field. , 2002, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  G Walsh.  The effect of mydriasis on the pupillary centration of the human eye , 1988, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[4]  Stephen A Burns,et al.  Pupil location under mesopic, photopic, and pharmacologically dilated conditions. , 2002, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[5]  E. H. Linfoot.  Principles of Optics , 1961 .

[6]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Aberrations of emmetropic subjects at different ages , 2008, Vision Research.

[7]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Peripheral refractive errors in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic young subjects. , 2002, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[8]  Ronald B. Rabbetts,et al.  Bennett and Rabbetts' clinical visual optics , 1998 .

[9]  Ankit Mathur,et al.  Ocular aberrations in the peripheral visual field. , 2008, Optics letters.

[10]  David A Atchison,et al.  Recent advances in representation of monochromatic aberrations of human eyes , 2004, Clinical & experimental optometry.

[11]  David A Atchison,et al.  Anterior corneal and internal contributions to peripheral aberrations of human eyes. , 2004, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[12]  W. Charman,et al.  Optical Image Quality in the Peripheral Retina , 1978, American journal of optometry and physiological optics.

[13]  P Simonet,et al.  The Julius F. Neumueller Award in Optics, 1989: change of pupil centration with change of illumination and pupil size. , 1992, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[14]  R. Stone,et al.  Ocular shape and myopia. , 2004, Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore.

[15]  D. Whitaker,et al.  Factors affecting light-adapted pupil size in normal human subjects. , 1994, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[16]  W Neil Charman,et al.  Hartmann-Shack technique and refraction across the horizontal visual field. , 2003, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[17]  W. T. Welford,et al.  Aberrations of optical systems , 1986 .

[18]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Optics of the Human Eye , 2023 .

[19]  D. Atchison,et al.  Shape of the retinal surface in emmetropia and myopia. , 2005, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[20]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Peripheral refraction along the horizontal and vertical visual fields in myopia , 2006, Vision Research.

[21]  W N Charman,et al.  Aberrations and myopia , 2005, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[22]  M C Dunne,et al.  Peripheral astigmatic asymmetry and angle alpha , 1993, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[23]  Jonathan Winawer,et al.  Homeostasis of Eye Growth and the Question of Myopia , 2012, Neuron.

[24]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Off-axis monochromatic aberrations estimated from double pass measurements in the human eye , 1999, Vision Research.

[25]  Hema Radhakrishnan,et al.  Peripheral refraction for distance and near vision in emmetropes and myopes , 2007, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[26]  Charles E Campbell.  A New Method for Describing the Aberrations of the Eye Using Zernike Polynomials , 2003, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[27]  R Navarro,et al.  Monochromatic aberrations and point-spread functions of the human eye across the visual field. , 1998, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[28]  F Rempt,et al.  Acquired myopia in young pilots. , 1971, Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde.

[29]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Influence of age on peripheral refraction , 2005, Vision Research.