Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

After hearing for several decades that computers will soon be able to assist with difficult diagnoses, the practicing physician may well wonder why the revolution has not occurred. Skepticism at this point is understandable. Few, if any, programs currently have active roles as consultants to physicians. The story behind these unfulfilled expectations is instructive and, we believe, offers hope for the future. Research on computer-aided diagnosis began in the 1960s with high hopes that difficult clinical problems might yield to mathematical formalisms. Most work therefore centered on the application of flow charts, Boolean algebra, pattern matching, and decision analysis to . . .

[1]  J. Kassirer,et al.  Therapeutic decision making: a cost-benefit analysis. , 1975, The New England journal of medicine.

[2]  Casimir A. Kulikowski,et al.  Developing Microprocessor Based Expert Models for Instrument Interpretation , 1981, IJCAI.

[3]  Peter Szolovits,et al.  Categorical and Probabilistic Reasoning in Medical Diagnosis , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[4]  J. William,et al.  System aids in constructing consultation programs , 1981 .

[5]  W B Schwartz,et al.  Medicine and the computer. The promise and problems of change. , 1970, The New England journal of medicine.

[6]  H. E. Pople,et al.  Internist-I, an Experimental Computer-Based Diagnostic Consultant for General Internal Medicine , 1982 .

[7]  G. Gorry,et al.  Towards the simulation of clinical cognition. Taking a present illness by computer. , 1976, The American journal of medicine.

[8]  L. Shulman,et al.  Medical Problem Solving: An Analysis of Clinical Reasoning , 1978 .

[9]  Robert A. Kowalski,et al.  Logic for problem solving , 1982, The computer science library : Artificial intelligence series.

[10]  William J. Clancey,et al.  NEOMYCIN: Reconfiguring a Rule-Based Expert System for Application to Teaching , 1981, IJCAI.

[11]  Benjamin Kuipers,et al.  Causal Reasoning in Medicine: Analysis of a Protocol , 1984 .

[12]  B. Chandrasekaran,et al.  Conceptual Representation of Medical Knowledge for Diagnosis by Computer: MDX and Related Systems , 1983, Adv. Comput..

[13]  J. Kassirer,et al.  The threshold approach to clinical decision making. , 1980, The New England journal of medicine.

[14]  William R. Swartout,et al.  XPLAIN: A System for Creating and Explaining Expert Consulting Programs , 1983, Artif. Intell..

[15]  G. Gorry,et al.  Clinical problem solving: a behavioral analysis. , 1978, Annals of internal medicine.

[16]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  ONCOCIN: An Expert System for Oncology Protocol Management , 1981, IJCAI.

[17]  G. Barnett.  The computer and clinical judgement. , 1982, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  Edward H. Shortliffe,et al.  Computer-based medical consultations, MYCIN , 1976 .

[19]  William J. Clancey,et al.  The Epistemology of a Rule-Based Expert System - A Framework for Explanation , 1981, Artif. Intell..