A brief history of the development of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion

The Hoek-Brown failure criterion was developed in the late 1970s to provide input for the design of underground excavations. Bieniawski’s RMR was originally used to link the criterion to engineering geology input from the field but a more specific classification system called the Geological Strength Index (GSI) was introduced in 1995. Both the Hoek Brown criterion and the GSI classification have evolved and continue to evolve to meet new applications and to deal with unusual conditions encountered by users.

[1]  E. T. Brown,et al.  Underground excavations in rock , 1980 .

[2]  E. T. Brown,et al.  EMPIRICAL STRENGTH CRITERION FOR ROCK MASSES , 1980 .

[3]  E. Hoek,et al.  Twenty-third Rankine lecture: strength of jointed rock masses , 1983 .

[4]  Evert Hoek,et al.  Strength of jointed rock masses , 1983 .

[5]  Evert Hoek,et al.  The Hoek-Brown failure criterion-a 1988 update , 1988 .

[6]  E. Hoek,et al.  Estimating Mohr-Coulomb friction and cohesion values from the Hoek-Brown failure criterion , 1990 .

[7]  P. K. Kaiser,et al.  Support of underground excavations in hard rock , 1995 .

[8]  Evert Hoek,et al.  Practical estimates of rock mass strength , 1997 .

[9]  E. Hoek,et al.  Applicability of the geological strength index (GSI) classification for very weak and sheared rock masses. The case of the Athens Schist Formation , 1998 .

[10]  C. Fairhurst,et al.  The elasto-plastic response of underground excavations in rock masses that satisfy the Hoek-Brown failure criterion , 1999 .

[11]  P. K. Kaiser,et al.  Progressive spalling in massive brittle rock , 2000 .

[12]  E. Hoek,et al.  Gsi: A Geologically Friendly Tool For Rock Mass Strength Estimation , 2000 .

[13]  E. Hoek,et al.  Estimating the geotechnical properties of heterogeneous rock masses such as flysch , 2001 .

[14]  Richard J. Jardine,et al.  Geotechnical characterisation of soils and rocks: a geological perspective , 2004 .

[15]  E. Hoek,et al.  The geological strength index: applications and limitations , 2005 .

[16]  E. Hoek,et al.  Characterisation and engineering properties of tectonically undisturbed but lithologically varied sedimentary rock masses , 2005 .

[17]  Evert Hoek,et al.  Variability of the engineering properties of rock masses quantified by the geological strength index: the case of ophiolites with special emphasis on tunnelling , 2006 .

[18]  E. Hoek,et al.  Empirical estimation of rock mass modulus , 2006 .