Additional factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose using the UK mammography dosimetry protocol.

The UK and European protocols for mammographic dosimetry use conversion factors that relate incident air kerma to the mean glandular dose (MGD) within the breast. The conversion factors currently used were obtained by computer simulation of a model breast with a composition of 50% adipose and 50% glandular tissues by weight (50% glandularity). Relative conversion factors have been calculated which allow the extension of the protocols to breasts of varying glandularity and for a wider range of mammographic x-ray spectra. The data have also been extended to breasts of a compressed thickness of 11 cm. To facilitate the calculation of MGD in patient surveys, typical breast glandularities are tabulated for women in the age ranges 40-49 and 50-64 years, and for breasts in the thickness range 2-11 cm. In addition, tables of equivalent thickness of polymethyl methacrylate have been provided to allow the simulation for dosimetric purposes of typical breasts of various thicknesses.

[1]  D R Dance,et al.  Influence of anode/filter material and tube potential on contrast, signal-to-noise ratio and average absorbed dose in mammography: a Monte Carlo study. , 2000, The British journal of radiology.

[2]  K C Young,et al.  Radiation doses received in the UK Breast Screening Programme in 1997 and 1998. , 2000, The British journal of radiology.

[3]  C. J. Kotre,et al.  Dosimetric implications of age related glandular changes in screening mammography. , 2000, Physics in medicine and biology.

[4]  J. Boone,et al.  Glandular breast dose for monoenergetic and high-energy X-ray beams: Monte Carlo assessment. , 1999, Radiology.

[5]  K. Young,et al.  Review of Dosimetric Methods for Mammography in the UK Breast Screening Programme , 1998 .

[6]  M Säbel,et al.  Determination of average glandular dose with modern mammography units for two large groups of patients. , 1997, Physics in medicine and biology.

[7]  A. T. Klang.  Diagnostic Quality and Absorbed Dose in Mammography. Influence of X-ray Spectra and Breast Anatomy , 1997 .

[8]  K. Young,et al.  Dose and image quality in mammography with an automatic beam quality system. , 1996, The British journal of radiology.

[9]  R. Geise,et al.  Composition of mammographic phantom materials. , 1996, Radiology.

[10]  G. Barnes,et al.  Normalized average glandular dose in molybdenum target-rhodium filter and rhodium target-rhodium filter mammography. , 1994, Radiology.

[11]  D R Dance,et al.  A Monte Carlo program for the calculation of contrast, noise and absorbed dose in diagnostic radiology. , 1994, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[12]  G. Barnes,et al.  Spectral dependence of glandular tissue dose in screen-film mammography. , 1991, Radiology.

[13]  D. Dance.  Monte Carlo calculation of conversion factors for the estimation of mean glandular breast dose. , 1990, Physics in medicine and biology.

[14]  J. H. Hubbell,et al.  XCOM: Photon cross sections on a personal computer , 1987 .

[15]  J. S. Laughlin,et al.  Absorbed radiation dose in mammography. , 1979, Radiology.

[16]  J. H. Hubbell,et al.  Relativistic atomic form factors and photon coherent scattering cross sections , 1979 .

[17]  J. H. Hubbell,et al.  Atomic form factors, incoherent scattering functions, and photon scattering cross sections , 1975 .