Die Kontamination von Grundwasserleitern ist, anders als die Verschmutzung von Oberflachengewassern, fur die meisten Menschen nicht wahrnehmbar. Dieser Umstand fuhrt allerdings, zumindest in Deutschland, nicht zu einem verminderten Problembewusstsein, weil Trink- und Grundwasser im offentlichen Bewusstsein eng miteinander verbunden sind. Die Sanierung von eingetretenen Grundwasserschaden zielt generell auf ein vernachlassigbar geringes oder tolerierbares Restrisiko fur Schutzguter. Sanierungsziele sollten immer unter Berucksichtigung der Angemessenheit des Aufwandes und der Umweltbilanz von Sanierungsmasnahmen festgelegt werden. Ansonsten lauft man Gefahr, dass technischer Umweltschutz gut gemeint, aber letztlich gegen die Umwelt gerichtet ist. Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Selbstreinigungspotenzial kontaminierter Grundwasserleiter, behandelt passive Reinigungswande sowie aktive Sanierungsverfahren.
Concepts for Groundwater Purification
Contamination of water-bearing strata is, in contrast to the contamination of surface waters, for most people not noticeable. However this does not lead, at least in Germany, to reduced awareness about the problem, as drinking water and groundwater are closely connected in the public’s mind. The cleanup of contaminated groundwater is generally aimed at a negligibly low or tolerable remaining risk for the subjects of the protection. The goals of the cleanup should always be considered in the light of the appropriateness of the time and effort involved and the environmental balance of cleanup measures. Otherwise there is the danger that technical environmental protection however well meant is directed against the environment, because the associated use of resources is greater than that for the protection or regeneration at which it is targeted. Different cleanup concepts are represented in the order of decreasing intensity of the technical measures.
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