In vivo skin optical clearing by glycerol solutions: mechanism

The penetration of light in biological tissues can be enhanced by using optical-clearing techniques. However, researches on the mechanism are limited to in vitro experiments. In this study, rat dorsal skin was used to discuss the mechanism for in vivo optical clearing. Glycerol solutions with different concentrations were applied by dermal injection; then the skin reflectance spectrum, SHG imaging and microstructural changes were monitored. The results showed that with the skin becoming transparent, the corresponding reflectance decreased, and the thickness of dermis and diameter of collagen fibril decreased, but no collagen fiber was dissolved or fractured. Hence, it can be concluded that the thickness decrease of dermis and corresponding more regular packing of tissue fibers plays an important role in the mechanism for glycerol-induced optical clearing of skin in vivo.

[1]  Elina A. Genina,et al.  In vivo investigation of the immersion-liquid-induced human skin clearing dynamics , 2001 .

[2]  A. Welch,et al.  A review of the optical properties of biological tissues , 1990 .

[3]  Mark Dewhirst,et al.  Optical clearing of unsectioned specimens for three-dimensional imaging via optical transmission and emission tomography. , 2008, Journal of biomedical optics.

[4]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  Hyperosmotic chemical agent's effect on in vivo cerebral blood flow revealed by laser speckle. , 2004, Applied optics.

[5]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Collagen solubility correlates with skin optical clearing. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[6]  Valery V Tuchin,et al.  Optical clearing of human skin: comparative study of permeability and dehydration of intact and photothermally perforated skin. , 2008, Journal of biomedical optics.

[7]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  In vivo optical reflectance imaging of spreading depression waves in rat brain with and without focal cerebral ischemia. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[8]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  Simultaneous compensation for spatial and temporal dispersion of acousto-optical deflectors for two-dimensional scanning with a single prism. , 2006, Optics letters.

[9]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Concurrent enhancement of imaging depth and contrast for optical coherence tomography by hyperosmotic agents , 2001 .

[10]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Reversible dissociation of collagen in tissues. , 2003, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[11]  Bernard Choi,et al.  Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars , 2007, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[12]  Qingming Luo,et al.  Short-term and long-term effects of optical clearing agents on blood vessels in chick chorioallantoic membrane. , 2008, Journal of biomedical optics.

[13]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[14]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  In-vivo and in-vitro study of control of rat skin optical properties by action of osmotical liquid , 2000, Optics and Optoelectronic Inspection and Control.

[15]  Alvin T Yeh,et al.  Molecular interactions of exogenous chemical agents with collagen--implications for tissue optical clearing. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[16]  V. Tuchin.  Tissue Optics: Light Scattering Methods and Instruments for Medical Diagnosis , 2000 .

[17]  Gracie Vargas,et al.  Morphological Changes in Blood Vessels Produced by Hyperosmotic Agents and Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography¶ , 2003, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[18]  Andrew G. Glen,et al.  APPL , 2001 .

[19]  J. Hecksher-Sørensen,et al.  Optical Projection Tomography as a Tool for 3D Microscopy and Gene Expression Studies , 2002, Science.

[20]  Christopher G. Rylander,et al.  Dehydration mechanism of optical clearing in tissue. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[21]  Massoud Motamedi,et al.  Temporary dermal scatter reduction: Quantitative assessment and implications for improved laser tattoo removal , 2005, Lasers in surgery and medicine.

[22]  V V Tuchin,et al.  Light propagation in tissues with controlled optical properties , 1996, European Conference on Biomedical Optics.

[23]  Qingming Luo,et al.  Skin backreflectance and microvascular system functioning at the action of osmotic agents , 2003 .

[24]  Valery V. Tuchin,et al.  Optical characterization and composition of abdominal wall muscle from rat , 2009 .

[25]  J. Frim,et al.  Interactions of cooling rate, warming rate, glycerol concentration, and dilution procedure on the viability of frozen-thawed human granulocytes. , 1983, Cryobiology.

[26]  Qingming Luo,et al.  Influence of glycerol with different concentrations on skin optical clearing and morphological changes in vivo , 2008, Photonics and Optoelectronics Meetings.