RESISTANCE INCREASE DUE TO WIND, WAVES AND STEERING

A methodology for the calculation of added resistance due to wind, waves and steering is presented as follows:- 1. Forces on the ship's hull, the equations of motion in the horizontal plane, relevant terms in the equations. 2. Wind coefficients for ships, estimates for such coefficients, calculation methods, relative and true wind. 3. Wave induced resistance. 4. Yawing resistance, why it is obtained, and some useful estimates. 5. Drift resistance. 6. Rudder resistance. 7. The total added resistance, comparison of the components of added resistance, relative importance of these components. 8. Methods for correcting the speed for added resistance.