We conducted a six-month prospective study of the diagnoses and outcomes of 588 children who were denied care in our emergency department under a new primary-care case management health system for 100,000 indigent patients. The mean patient age was 4.7 years (39% were less than 2 years old). The most common presenting complaints were colds, earaches, rash, vomiting, and diarrhea. Nine percent of children presented for trauma, and 10% had fever of more than 38.2 C. Follow-up was available from the primary care physician for 388 children (66%). Of the 60% of patients who kept their arranged appointment, 42% received antibiotics, 3% were referred for further evaluation, and two children were hospitalized. Follow-up was available from the parents for 125 children (21%). No follow-up information of any kind was available for 111 children (19%), and no follow-up regarding the health of the child was available for 265 children (45%). This last group included 10% with a chief complaint of trauma and 6% with temperature of more than 39 C. Forty-nine percent of patients in this group were less than 2 years old.