Microwave and millimetre-wave receivers with integral antenna

A family of microwave receivers is described which consists of antennas integrated with a balanced mixer and IF amplifier on a common substrate. Each receiver is small enough to enable two-dimensional arrays to be fabricated monolithically within a single semiconductor chip. The antenna pattern of each receiver is suitable for feeding via a dielectric immersion lens, thereby creating a high-gain array of beams in the far-field. Such receivers have been built to operate at 10 and 35 GHz, and show conversion loss similar to more conventional designs.