BIER Ping and Trace
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Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
optimal multicast forwarding through a "BIER domain" without requiring
intermediate routers to maintain any multicast related per- flow
state. BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building protocol
for its operation. A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a
"Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router" (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at
one or more "Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers" (BFERs). The BFIR router
adds a BIER header to the packet. The BIER header contains a bit-
string in which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the
packet to. The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be
forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those
routers in the BIER header. This document describes the mechanism and
basic BIER OAM packet format that can be used to perform failure
detection and isolation on BIER data plane.