Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and Relation with Blood Flow: A Magnetic Resonance Study with Semiautomated Cerebrospinal Fluid Segmentation

Balédent O, Henry-Feugeas MC, Idy-Peretti I. Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and relation with blood flow: A magnetic resonance study with semiautomated cerebrospinal fluid segmentation. Invest Radiol 2001;37:368–377. rationale and objectives. To investigate and measure temporal and amplitude aspects of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow waveform relations. methods.A cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging pulse sequence was used to measure blood and CSF flow in 16 healthy subjects aged 27 ± 4 years. A semiautomated segmentation algorithm was developed to study CSF flow. results.Standard deviations of the aqueductal and cervical flow measurements carried out by five observers were 1% and 4%, respectively. The peak systolic arterial flow was 1087 ± 169 mL/min, and the peak cervical CSF flush (173 ± 59 mL/min) occurred at 5% ± 3% of the cardiac cycle after the internal carotid systolic peak flow. Peak aqueductal flush flow (13 ± 5 mL/min) occurred at 21% ± 7% of the cardiac cycle after the internal carotid systolic peak flow. conclusions.The CSF segmentation algorithm is reproducible. Brain expansion was quickly regulated by a major extracerebral CSF flush flow, whereas ventricular CSF made only a very small contribution.

[1]  W G Bradley,et al.  Flow dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid: assessment with phase-contrast velocity MR imaging performed with retrospective cardiac gating. , 1992, Radiology.

[2]  R. A. Bhadelia,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid flow waveforms: effect of altered cranial venous outflow , 1998, Neuroradiology.

[3]  S. Asari,et al.  Quantitative measurement of normal and hydrocephalic cerebrospinal fluid flow using phase contrast cine MR imaging. , 1993, Acta Medica Okayama.

[4]  M B Merickel,et al.  Assessment of the reliability of the determination of carotid artery lumen sizes by quantitative image processing of magnetic resonance angiograms and images. , 1995, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[5]  M H Buonocore,et al.  Blood flow measurements in the aorta and major arteries with MR velocity mapping , 1994, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[6]  C Thomsen,et al.  Fourier analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow velocities: MR imaging study. The Scandinavian Flow Group. , 1990, Radiology.

[7]  M. Spiegel-Adolf,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid. , 1965, Progress in neurology and psychiatry.

[8]  U. Klose,et al.  II. Physiology of respiration-related pulsations , 1992 .

[9]  S Soimakallio,et al.  Carotid artery stenosis: clinical efficacy of MR phase-contrast flow quantification as an adjunct to MR angiography. , 1995, Radiology.

[10]  MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in health and disease. On the vascular pathogenesis of communicating hydrocephalus and benign intracranial hypertension. , 1994, Acta radiologica.

[11]  W. Mali,et al.  Effect of age on cerebral blood flow: measurement with ungated two-dimensional phase-contrast MR angiography in 250 adults. , 1998, Radiology.

[12]  D. Greitz,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid circulation and associated intracranial dynamics. A radiologic investigation using MR imaging and radionuclide cisternography. , 1993, Acta radiologica. Supplementum.

[13]  H. Rekate.  Circuit diagram of the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. 1989. , 1994, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[14]  Ryoong Huh,et al.  Quantitative assessment of cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics using a phase-contrast cine MR image in hydrocephalus , 1999, Child's Nervous System.

[15]  R. Kaplan,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid pulsation amplitude and its quantitative relationship to cerebral blood flow pulsations: a phase-contrast MR flow imaging study , 1997, Neuroradiology.

[16]  J. Miller,et al.  Changes of frequency spectrum of the CSF pulse wave caused by supratentorial epidural brain compression. , 1986, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[17]  René M. Botnar,et al.  Automatic vessel segmentation using active contours in cine phase contrast flow measurements , 1999, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[18]  R. Aaslid,et al.  Estimates of pulse wave velocity and measurement of pulse transit time in the human cerebral circulation. , 1994, Ultrasound in medicine & biology.

[19]  W G Bradley,et al.  Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging. , 1996, Radiology.

[20]  M Kouwenhoven,et al.  Phase-Contrast Cine Mr Imaging of Normal Aqueductal CSF Flow , 1994, Acta radiologica.

[21]  G. Bateman.  Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. , 2000, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[22]  I. Wickbom.  The influence of the blood pressure in urographic examination; preliminary report. , 1950, Acta radiologica.

[23]  D. Feinberg,et al.  Changes in size and magnetic resonance signal intensity of the cerebral CSF spaces during the cardiac cycle as studied by gated, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. , 1987, Investigative radiology.

[24]  A. Martins,et al.  Dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal dura mater1 , 1972, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[25]  N. Pelc,et al.  Brain motion: measurement with phase-contrast MR imaging. , 1992, Radiology.

[26]  E C Wong,et al.  Processing strategies for time‐course data sets in functional mri of the human brain , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[27]  D. Feinberg,et al.  Human brain motion and cerebrospinal fluid circulation demonstrated with MR velocity imaging. , 1987, Radiology.

[28]  N J Pelc,et al.  Cerebrospinal fluid flow measured by phase-contrast cine MR. , 1993, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[29]  D N Levin,et al.  Assessment of the biomechanical state of intracranial tissues by dynamic MRI of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: a phantom study. , 1998, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[30]  D. Fletcher,et al.  Fluid dynamics of the cerebral aqueduct. , 1996, Pediatric neurosurgery.

[31]  N J Pelc,et al.  Normal flow patterns of intracranial and spinal cerebrospinal fluid defined with phase-contrast cine MR imaging. , 1991, Radiology.

[32]  C Yuan,et al.  Closed contour edge detection of blood vessel lumen and outer wall boundaries in black-blood MR images. , 1999, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[33]  S. Wolpert,et al.  Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow waveforms with gated phase-contrast MR velocity measurements. , 1995, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[34]  P. Cornu,et al.  Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Waveforms: MR Analysis in Chronic Adult Hydrocephalus , 2001, Investigative radiology.

[35]  T. Milhorat.  The third circulation revisited. , 1975, Journal of neurosurgery.

[36]  D N Levin,et al.  Hemodynamically independent analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and brain motion observed with dynamic phase contrast MRI , 1996, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[37]  G. Zannoli,et al.  Temporal and spatial assessment of normal cerebrospinal fluid dynamics with MR imaging. , 1993, Magnetic resonance imaging.

[38]  N. Pelc,et al.  Blood flow in major cerebral arteries measured by phase-contrast cine MR. , 1994, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[39]  L Solymosi,et al.  Phase-contrast MR imaging of the cervical CSF and spinal cord: volumetric motion analysis in patients with Chiari I malformation. , 2000, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology.

[40]  J Bittoun,et al.  Origin of subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: a phase-contrast MR analysis. , 2000, Magnetic resonance imaging.