Hierarchical and hash based naming with Compact Trie name management scheme for Vehicular Content Centric Networks

Content-Centric Network (CCN) is a promising future Internet architecture, attracting research community and being widely adopted in the vehicular networks. The main concept of CCN is to smoothly distribute digital contents between the content provider and consumer. In these types of networks, contents are identified by unique names, however, naming those contents is still a challenging task. Therefore, we propose a hierarchical and hash based naming with efficient Compact Trie (CT) management scheme for Vehicular Content-Centric Network (VCCN). The proposed naming scheme makes the best use of the features offered by hierarchical as well as hash-based or flat naming schemes. The hierarchical part of the digital content name contains information about the content provider, type, its sub-types and attributes of the content itself that is shared between vehicles. The hash part uniquely identifies the digital content required for VCCN applications. The proposed naming scheme satisfies two main purposes: first, it helps in minimizing the routing table by aggregating the name prefixes and simplifying the routing decisions. Second, it contains attributes, spatial, temporal and their range information to easily find and resolve the content. The proposed scheme manages prefixes (e.g. Add, Search and Delete) in the tables e.g. Forwarding Information Base (FIB), Pending Interest Table (PIT), etc. The CT is relatively faster and space-efficient than Simple Trie and has better performance compared to the existing solutions of naming the required content(s). The evaluation results show that the proposed CT based prefix management scheme performs 45.5% and 23.3% faster prefix search and 55% and 34% faster prefix delete operation compared to Simple Trie and Bloom-Filter based name management schemes, respectively. The memory profile results show that average memory consumption of the proposed CT implementation is 24 and 186 times smaller than the Simple Trie and the NLAPB, respectively.

[1]  Hongke Zhang,et al.  Scalable Name Lookup with Adaptive Prefix Bloom Filter for Named Data Networking , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[2]  Hongke Zhang,et al.  Social cooperation for information-centric multimedia streaming in highway VANETs , 2014, Proceeding of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks 2014.

[3]  Roy T. Fielding,et al.  Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax , 1998, RFC.

[4]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  ACM HotMobile 2013 poster: vehicular inter-networking via named data , 2013, MOCO.

[5]  Bin Liu,et al.  Scalable Name Lookup in NDN Using Effective Name Component Encoding , 2012, 2012 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.

[6]  Antonella Molinaro,et al.  Content-centric networking: is that a solution for upcoming vehicular networks? , 2012, VANET '12.

[7]  Mahamod Ismail,et al.  Vehicular communication ad hoc routing protocols: A survey , 2014, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[8]  Guanling Chen,et al.  Sharing location in online social networks , 2010, IEEE Network.

[9]  Bin Liu,et al.  NameFilter: Achieving fast name lookup with low memory cost via applying two-stage Bloom filters , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[10]  Patrick Crowley,et al.  Named data networking , 2014, CCRV.

[11]  Wei You,et al.  Information-centric networking: a natural design for social network applications , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[12]  Donald R. Morrison,et al.  PATRICIA—Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded in Alphanumeric , 1968, J. ACM.

[13]  Bin Liu,et al.  Greedy name lookup for named data networking , 2013, SIGMETRICS '13.

[14]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  Routing protocols in Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks: A comprehensive survey , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[15]  Stephen Farrell,et al.  Naming Things with Hashes , 2013, RFC.

[16]  Antonella Molinaro,et al.  Design and analysis of a transport-level solution for content-centric VANETs , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC).

[17]  Sarang Dharmapurikar,et al.  Longest prefix matching using bloom filters , 2006, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[18]  Yaogong Wang,et al.  Toward fast NDN software forwarding lookup engine based on hash tables , 2012, 2012 ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems (ANCS).

[19]  Hiroaki Hazeyama,et al.  Adaptive Bloom Filter: A Space-Efficient Counting Algorithm for Unpredictable Network Traffic , 2008, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst..

[20]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  TB2F: Tree-bitmap and bloom-filter for a scalable and efficient name lookup in Content-Centric Networking , 2014, 2014 IFIP Networking Conference.

[21]  Wen-Long Jin,et al.  Broadcasting safety information in vehicular networks: issues and approaches , 2010, IEEE Network.

[22]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  Vehicular Inter-Networking via Named Data , 2013, ArXiv.

[23]  Giovanni Pau,et al.  A naming scheme to represent geographic areas in NDN , 2013, 2013 IFIP Wireless Days (WD).

[24]  Holger Karl,et al.  MDHT: a hierarchical name resolution service for information-centric networks , 2011, ICN '11.

[25]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  Data naming in Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM Workshops.

[26]  Tzi-cker Chiueh,et al.  High-performance IP routing table lookup using CPU caching , 1999, IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320).

[27]  Haoyu Song,et al.  Fast hash table lookup using extended bloom filter: an aid to network processing , 2005, SIGCOMM '05.

[28]  Raouf Boutaba,et al.  A survey of naming and routing in information-centric networks , 2012, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[29]  Syed Hassan Ahmed,et al.  Hierarchical and hash-based naming scheme for vehicular information centric networks , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE).

[30]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  DMND: Collecting data from mobiles using Named Data , 2010, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference.