Liquid and back gate coupling effect: toward biosensing with lowest detection limit.

We employ noise spectroscopy and transconductance measurements to establish the optimal regimes of operation for our fabricated silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (Si NW FETs) sensors. A strong coupling between the liquid gate and back gate (the substrate) has been revealed and used for optimization of signal-to-noise ratio in subthreshold as well as above-threshold regimes. Increasing the sensitivity of Si NW FET sensors above the detection limit has been predicted and proven by direct experimental measurements.

[1]  T. Park,et al.  Integration of biomolecules and nanomaterials: Towards highly selective and sensitive biosensors , 2011, Biotechnology journal.

[2]  S. Ingebrandt,et al.  Field-effect devices for detecting cellular signals. , 2009, Seminars in cell & developmental biology.

[3]  X. Duan,et al.  Graphene: An Emerging Electronic Material , 2012, Advanced materials.

[4]  Nitin K. Rajan,et al.  Optimal signal-to-noise ratio for silicon nanowire biochemical sensors. , 2011, Applied physics letters.

[5]  P. Fromherz,et al.  Signal transmission from individual mammalian nerve cell to field-effect transistor. , 2005, Small.

[6]  High performance horizontal gate-all-around silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. , 2012, Nanotechnology.

[7]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Silicon Nanowires for Biosensing, Energy Storage, and Conversion , 2013, Advanced materials.

[8]  M. Calame,et al.  Signal-to-noise ratio in dual-gated silicon nanoribbon field-effect sensors , 2010, 1010.3169.

[9]  J. Jomaah,et al.  Coupling effects and channels separation in FinFETs , 2004 .

[10]  Guo-Jun Zhang,et al.  Silicon nanowire biosensor and its applications in disease diagnostics: a review. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[11]  Susana Cardoso,et al.  Strategies for enhancing the analytical performance of nanomaterial-based sensors , 2013, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry.

[12]  Jiyoung Kim,et al.  One-dimensional Nanomaterials for Field Effect Transistor (FET) Type Biosensor Applications , 2012 .

[13]  Charles M. Lieber,et al.  Subthreshold regime has the optimal sensitivity for nanowire FET biosensors. , 2010, Nano letters.

[14]  Gerard Ghibaudo,et al.  MODELING AND SIMULATION OF COUPLING EFFECT ON LOW FREQUENCY NOISE IN ADVANCED SOI MOSFETS , 2008 .

[15]  Qi Zhang,et al.  CMOS-compatible, label-free silicon-nanowire biosensors to detect cardiac troponin I for acute myocardial infarction diagnosis. , 2012, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[16]  Nitin K. Rajan,et al.  $\hbox{1}/f$ Noise of Silicon Nanowire BioFETs , 2010, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[17]  Mark A. Reed,et al.  Label-free immunodetection with CMOS-compatible semiconducting nanowires , 2007, Nature.

[18]  Muhammad A. Alam,et al.  Screening-limited response of nanobiosensors. , 2007, Nano letters.

[19]  C. Hu,et al.  A unified model for the flicker noise in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors , 1990 .

[20]  F. M. Musteata.  Recent progress in in-vivo sampling and analysis , 2013 .

[21]  Chunsheng Wu,et al.  Recent advances in olfactory receptor-based biosensors. , 2013, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  Charles M. Lieber,et al.  Nanowire-based biosensors. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[23]  Angelo Visconti,et al.  Advances in biosensor development based on integrating nanotechnology and applied to food-allergen management , 2013 .

[24]  W. Frensley,et al.  Performance Analysis of Si Nanowire Biosensor by Numerical Modeling for Charge Sensing , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.

[25]  L.K.J. Vandamme,et al.  What Do We Certainly Know About $\hbox{1}/f$ Noise in MOSTs? , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices.

[26]  Effect of Back-Gate Biasing on Floating Electrolytes in Silicon-on-Insulator-Based Nanoribbon Sensors , 2012, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[27]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Frequency domain detection of biomolecules using silicon nanowire biosensors. , 2010, Nano letters.

[28]  L.K.J. Vandamme,et al.  1/f noise in MOS devices, mobility or number fluctuations? , 1994 .

[29]  Andreas Offenhäusser,et al.  Neuron–transistor coupling: interpretation of individual extracellular recorded signals , 2005, European Biophysics Journal.

[30]  Gerold W. Neudeck,et al.  An experimental study of the source/drain parasitic resistance effects in amorphous silicon thin film transistors , 1992 .

[31]  Eddy Simoen,et al.  Origin of the front-back-gate coupling in partially depleted and fully depleted silicon-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with accumulated back gate , 2005 .

[32]  Evan K Wujcik,et al.  Nanotechnology for implantable sensors: carbon nanotubes and graphene in medicine. , 2013, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology.

[33]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Multiplexed electrical detection of cancer markers with nanowire sensor arrays , 2005, Nature Biotechnology.