Embodied transformative metaphors and narratives in organisational life‐worlds of change

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how a phenomenological approach can help to understand embodied dimensions and compare different and shared qualities, functions and potential, as well as ambivalences and limitations of metaphors and stories in organisations.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a phenomenological understanding and use of multiple discourses, the specific expressive and communicative nature, linkages to meaning, mediation and integration, as well as transformational, innovating and generating potentials of metaphors respectively, narratives are analysed conceptually and discussed. Accordingly similarities and differences, overlapping and conflicting patterns, thus correspondences and rapprochements of both metaphors and narratives are shown and illustrated.Findings – The critical comparison of various, especially transformative functions, ambivalences and ambiguous uses of metaphorical and narrative sides and practices reveals their inherently dynamic inter‐relational n...

[1]  Sally Riad Terms of engagement: On the differential effects of metaphoric utterances in relational stories of organization , 2011 .

[2]  B. Massumi,et al.  The postmodern condition : a report on knowledge , 1979 .

[3]  Sarah J. Tracy,et al.  Nightmares, Demons, and Slaves , 2006 .

[4]  Gerardo Patriotta Sensemaking on the Shop Floor: Narratives of Knowledge in Organizations* , 2003 .

[5]  Philip Eubanks Globalization, "Corporate Rule," and Blended Worlds: A Conceptual-Rhetorical Analysis of Metaphor, Metonymy, and Conceptual Blending , 2005 .

[6]  Minna Pihlström,et al.  Narratives and metaphors in service development , 2010 .

[7]  Catriona Mackenzie Personal identity, narrative integration and embodiment , 2009 .

[8]  Adrian Carr,et al.  The use and abuse of storytelling in organizations , 2011 .

[9]  Peer C. Fiss,et al.  The Symbolic Management of Strategic Change: Sensegiving Via Framing and Decoupling , 2006 .

[10]  Yiannis Gabriel,et al.  The marriage of story and metaphor , 2011 .

[11]  Gerald Prince,et al.  Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative , 1982 .

[12]  D. Polkinghorne Explorations of Narrative Identity , 1996 .

[13]  L. Kirmayer,et al.  Healing and the invention of metaphor: The effectiveness of symbols revisited , 1993, Culture, medicine and psychiatry.

[14]  F. Michael Connelly,et al.  Stories of Experience and Narrative Inquiry , 1990 .

[15]  Johan Gaddefors Metaphor use in the entrepreneurial process , 2007 .

[16]  A. Ortony Why Metaphors Are Necessary and Not Just Nice , 1975 .

[17]  L. Kirmayer,et al.  The Body's Insistence on Meaning: Metaphor as Presentation and Representation in Illness Experience , 1992 .

[18]  D. Barry,et al.  Strategy Retold: Toward a Narrative View of Strategic Discourse , 1997 .

[19]  Katharine Galloway Young Taleworlds and Storyrealms: The Phenomenology of Narrative , 1986 .

[20]  C. Pinder,et al.  Controlling Tropes in Administrative Science. , 1982 .

[21]  Deborah Schiffrin,et al.  Narrative as self-portrait: Sociolinguistic constructions of identity , 1996, Language in Society.

[22]  John Ramsay,et al.  Trope Control: The Costs and Benefits of Metaphor Unreliability in the Description of Empirical Phenomena , 2004 .

[23]  Theodore R. Sarbin,et al.  Narrative Psychology: The Storied Nature of Human Conduct , 1986 .

[24]  Ellen S. O’Connor Plotting the Organization , 2000 .

[25]  Paul Shrivastava,et al.  Organizational Frames of Reference , 1984 .

[26]  A. Dr The meaning of metaphor. , 1962 .

[27]  Yiannis Gabriel,et al.  Turning Facts into Stories and Stories into Facts: A Hermeneutic Exploration of Organizational Folklore , 1991 .

[28]  Philip Eubanks The Story of Conceptual Metaphor: What Motivates Metaphoric Mappings? , 1999 .

[29]  M. Alvesson,et al.  Taking the Linguistic Turn in Organizational Research , 2000 .

[30]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism , 2002 .

[31]  Kristin M. Langellier,et al.  The performance turn in narrative studies , 2006 .

[32]  Mary E. Boyce Organizational story and storytelling: a critical review , 1996 .

[33]  Kristin M. Langellier,et al.  Storytelling In Daily Life: Performing Narrative , 2004 .

[34]  D. G. MacKay,et al.  Metaphor and Thought , 1980 .

[35]  Jeff Waistell,et al.  Metaphorical mediation of organizational change across space and time , 2006 .

[36]  Loizos Heracleous,et al.  Understanding Organizations through Embodied Metaphors , 2008 .

[37]  Mikael Holmgren Caicedo The story of us: On the nexus between metaphor and story in writing scientific articles , 2011 .

[38]  Charlotte Linde,et al.  Narrative and social tacit knowledge , 2001, J. Knowl. Manag..

[39]  Daniel Geiger The dark side of narratives: challenging the epistemological nature of narrative knowledge , 2008 .

[40]  Stefan Meisiek,et al.  Through the Looking Glass of Organizational Theatre: Analogically Mediated Inquiry in Organizations , 2007 .

[41]  Martha S. Feldman,et al.  The uniqueness paradox in organizational stories. , 1983 .

[42]  James W. Fernández,et al.  Persuasions and performances : the play of tropes in culture , 1990 .

[43]  Nelson Phillips,et al.  Telling Organizational Tales: On the Role of Narrative Fiction in the Study of Organizations , 1995 .

[44]  J. Zlatev Phenomenology and Cognitive Linguistics , 2010 .

[45]  C. Oswick,et al.  Metaphor and organizations , 1996 .

[46]  Mario Kafouros,et al.  The Emergent Organization: Primary and Complex Metaphors in Theorizing about Organizations , 2008 .

[47]  Margaret Parkin Tales for Change: Using Storytelling to Develop People and Organizations , 2004 .

[48]  W. Kuepers “Trans‐+‐form”: Leader‐ and followership as an embodied, emotional and aesthetic practice for creative transformation in organisations , 2011 .

[49]  Liora Bresler,et al.  Embodied Narrative Inquiry: A Methodology of Connection , 2006 .

[50]  M. Milne,et al.  Creating Adventures in Wonderland: The Journey Metaphor and Environmental Sustainability , 2006 .

[51]  Wendelin Küpers,et al.  Phenomenology of embodied implicit and narrative knowing , 2005, J. Knowl. Manag..

[52]  T. Abma Learning by Telling , 2003 .

[53]  Stuart Hannabuss The Management of Meaning , 1989 .

[54]  G. Loots,et al.  The Narrative Construction of the Self , 2008 .

[55]  Alan L. Wilkins The creation of company cultures: The role of stories and human resource systems , 1984 .

[56]  Co-Creating Metaphor in the Classroom for Deeper Learning: Graduate Student Reflections. , 2010 .

[57]  G. Morgan Paradigms, Metaphors, and Puzzle Solving in Organizational Theory. , 1980 .

[58]  Jeff Waistell Metaphorical Perspectives of Organisational Values , 2007 .

[59]  Jeff Waistell Management education: Critically, dialectically, metaphorically , 2009 .

[60]  P. Ricoeur,et al.  The rule of metaphor : Multi-disciplinary studies of the creation of meaning in language , 1979 .

[61]  J. Bruner Acts of meaning , 1990 .

[62]  Ronald L. Dufresne,et al.  The Aesthetics of Management Storytelling , 2002 .

[63]  Narrative and the Culture of Obedience at the Workplace , 1993 .

[64]  D. Jean Clandinin,et al.  Mapping a Landscape of Narrative Inquiry Borderland Spaces and Tensions , 2006 .

[65]  P. Johnson-Laird,et al.  Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions , 1987 .

[66]  Sophie Cacciaguidi-fahy,et al.  The Use of Strategic Metaphors in Intercultural Business Communication , 2007 .

[67]  D. McGrath,et al.  Organizational Stories as a Window on Affect in Organizations , 1992 .

[68]  R. Stablein,et al.  Constituting Change and Stability: Sense-making Stories in a Farming Organization , 2009 .

[69]  Yiannis Gabriel,et al.  Glass Palaces and Glass Cages: Organizations in Times of Flexible Work, Fragmented Consumption and Fragile Selves * , 2003 .

[70]  Linda L. Putnam,et al.  Metaphors of Communication and Organization , 1999 .

[71]  Marina Rakova,et al.  The philosophy of embodied realism: A high price to pay? , 2002 .

[72]  Marcos R. S. Borges,et al.  Applying group storytelling to capture innovation features , 2009, 2009 13th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design.

[73]  Workplace learning: narrative and professionalization , 2008 .

[74]  Michael A. Gross,et al.  Meaning in Organizational Communication , 2008 .

[75]  Daniel Geiger,et al.  Narratives and Organizational Dynamics , 2009 .

[76]  C. Oswick,et al.  Metaphor in Organizational Research: Context, Modalities and Implications for Research — Introduction , 2008 .

[77]  Maurice Merleau-Ponty,et al.  The Visible And The Invisible , 1968 .

[78]  H. Stein Listening deeply: An approach to understanding and consulting in organizational culture. , 1996 .

[79]  Barbara Hardy Towards a Poetics of Fiction: 3) An Approach through Narrative , 1968 .

[80]  Maurice Merleau-Ponty,et al.  Phenomenology of perception , 2016 .

[81]  A. Cunliffe Social Poetics as Management Inquiry , 2002 .

[82]  John Bednarz,et al.  Discreet Indiscretions: The Social Organization of Gossip , 1993 .

[83]  Kenwyn K. Smith,et al.  A Rumpelstiltskin Organization: Metaphors on Metaphors in Field Research. , 1983 .

[84]  J. Charteris-Black Corpus Approaches to Critical Metaphor Analysis , 2004 .

[85]  Donald A. Schön Metaphor and Thought: Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy , 1993 .

[86]  Jack Zipes,et al.  Creative Storytelling: Building Community/Changing Lives , 1995 .

[87]  Kim Soin,et al.  Making the Case for Narrative Methods in Cross-Cultural Organizational Research , 2006 .

[88]  Lisa Abrams,et al.  Using Mentoring and Storytelling to Transfer Knowledge in the Workplace , 2001, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[89]  Lennard J. Davis,et al.  Resisting Novels : Ideology and Fiction , 1987 .

[90]  J. Cornelissen Beyond Compare: Metaphor In Organization Theory , 2005 .

[91]  Mary E. Boyce Collective Centring and Collective Sense-making in the Stories and Storytelling of One Organization , 1995 .

[92]  S. Maitlis,et al.  Triggers And Enablers Of Sensegiving In Organizations , 2007 .

[93]  Mitchel Y. Abolafia Narrative Construction as Sensemaking: How a Central Bank Thinks , 2010 .

[94]  Steven P. Feldman Stories as Cultural Creativity: On the Relation Between Symbolism and Politics in Organizational Change , 1990 .

[95]  Andrew D. Brown,et al.  Making sense of sensemaking narratives , 2008 .

[96]  Donald E. Polkinghorne,et al.  Narrative and Self-Concept , 1991 .

[97]  Andrew D. Brown,et al.  Narrative, Organizations and Research , 2005 .

[98]  J. V. Maanen,et al.  Crossroads Style as Theory , 1995 .

[99]  E. D. Paolo,et al.  Participatory sense-making , 2007 .

[100]  K. Starkey,et al.  Toward Green Narrative: Management and the Evolutionary Epic , 2003 .

[101]  D. Clandinin,et al.  Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research , 1999 .

[102]  V. Ambrosini,et al.  Tacit Knowledge: Some Suggestions for Operationalization , 2001 .

[103]  Haridimos Tsoukas,et al.  Complex Thinking, Complex Practice: The Case for a Narrative Approach to Organizational Complexity , 2001 .

[104]  D. Boje Narrative methods for organizational and communication research , 2001 .

[105]  Cristina B. Gibson,et al.  Minding Your Metaphors: Applying the Concept of Teamwork Metaphors to the Management of Teams in Multicultural Contexts , 2002 .

[106]  D. Eicher-Catt The Authenticity in Ambiguity: Appreciating Maurice Merleau-Ponty's Abductive Logic as Communicative Practice , 2005 .

[107]  Steven Sonsino Towards a Hermeneutics of Narrative Identity: A Ricoeurian Framework for Exploring Narratives (and Narrators) of Strategy , 2005 .

[108]  James M. Edie Expression and Metaphor , 1963 .

[109]  L. Harter,et al.  Speaking the Language of the Bottom-Line: The Metaphor of "Managing Diversity" , 2003 .

[110]  Barbara Czarniawska-Joerges,et al.  Narration or Science? Collapsing the Division in Organization Studies , 1995 .

[111]  Mary E. Zellmer-Bruhn,et al.  Metaphors and Meaning: An Intercultural Analysis of the Concept of Teamwork , 2001 .

[112]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Philosophy in the flesh : the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought , 1999 .

[113]  Jacqueline Carpenter Metaphors in qualitative research: shedding light or casting shadows? , 2008, Research in nursing & health.

[114]  J. Barker Tightening the Iron Cage: Concertive Control in Self-Managing Teams , 1993 .

[115]  From Loss to Lack: Stories of Organizational Change as Encounters with Failed Fantasies of Self, Work and Organization , 2009 .

[116]  Emanuel A. Schegloff,et al.  "Narrative Analysis" Thirty Years Later , 1997 .

[117]  Darl Kolb Exploring the Metaphor of Connectivity: Attributes, Dimensions and Duality , 2008 .

[118]  R. Brown Social theory as metaphor On the logic of discovery for the sciences of conduct , 1976 .

[119]  Andrew D. Brown,et al.  ‘Invisible walls’ and ‘silent hierarchies’: A case study of power relations in an architecture firm , 2010 .

[120]  Paul Ricoeur,et al.  Creativity in Language , 1973, International Journal of Language and Culture.

[121]  Jazz Bands and Missionaries: OD through Stories and Metaphor , 1990 .

[122]  M. Yolles The dynamics of narrative and antenarrative and their relation to story , 2007 .

[123]  Arthur J. Sementelli,et al.  Metaphor, cultural imagery, and the study of change in public organizations , 2007 .

[124]  Jenny Mandelbaum,et al.  Assigning responsibility in conversational storytelling: The interactional construction of reality , 1993 .

[125]  Andrew D. Brown,et al.  A Narratological Approach to Understanding Processes of Organizing in a UK Hospital , 2003 .

[126]  Marcos R. S. Borges,et al.  A method for capturing innovation features using group storytelling , 2011, Expert Syst. Appl..

[127]  D. Mumby The political function of narrative in organizations , 1987 .

[128]  Yiannis Gabriel ON ORGANISATIONAL STORIES AND MYTHS: WHY IT IS EASIER TO SLAY A DRAGON THAN TO KILL A MYTH , 1991 .

[129]  L. Cameron,et al.  Researching and applying metaphor in the real world , 2010 .

[130]  Re-writing the organization: The ideological deadlock of narrative methodology , 2012 .

[131]  T. Brink Metaphor as Data in the Study of Organizations , 1993 .

[132]  T. Tinker METAPHOR OR REIFICATION: ARE RADICAL HUMANISTS REALLY LIBERTARIAN ANARCHISTS? , 1986 .

[133]  Ian Palmer,et al.  Conflicting Uses of Metaphors: Reconceptualizing Their Use in the Field of Organizational Change , 1996 .

[134]  Robert Barner,et al.  The dark tower: Using visual metaphors to facilitate emotional expression during organizational change , 2008 .

[135]  Loizos Heracleous,et al.  Constructing Shared Understanding , 2006 .

[136]  Paul Ricoeur,et al.  The function of fiction in shaping reality , 1979 .

[137]  S. Maitlis The Social Processes of Organizational Sensemaking. , 2005 .

[138]  Philip Eubanks Metaphor and Writing: Figurative Thought in the Discourse of Written Communication , 2010 .

[139]  Miller Mair,et al.  Psychology as storytelling. , 1988 .

[140]  D. Boje The storytelling organization: A study of story performance in an office-supply firm. , 1991 .

[141]  Alan L. Wilkins,et al.  On Getting the Story Crooked (and Straight) , 1991 .

[142]  S. Coffman,et al.  Metaphor use and perceived managerial effectiveness , 1987 .

[143]  M. Bowles,et al.  Myth, Meaning and Work Organization , 1989 .

[144]  Barbara Czarniawska-Joerges Rhetoric and modern organizations , 1995 .

[145]  S. Gallagher How the body shapes the mind , 2005 .

[146]  Dawn Inns Metaphor in the Literature of Organizational Analysis: A Preliminary Taxonomy and a Glimpse at a Humanities-Based Perspective , 2002 .

[147]  M. Weggeman Sensemaking in organisations , 1996 .

[148]  Yiannis Gabriel The Unmanaged Organization: Stories, Fantasies and Subjectivity , 1995 .

[149]  R. Stacey Strategic Management and Organisational Dynamics: The Challenge of Complexity , 1999 .

[150]  Stefanie Reissner,et al.  ‘Our iceberg is melting’: Story, metaphor and the management of organisational change , 2011 .

[151]  Harvey Sacks,et al.  Lectures on Conversation , 1995 .

[152]  Thomas Packard,et al.  The Use of Metaphors in Organizational Assessment and Change , 1992 .

[153]  Ali E. Akgün,et al.  Organizational unlearning as changes in beliefs and routines in organizations , 2007 .

[154]  K. Weick,et al.  Argument and Narration in Organizational Communication , 1986 .

[155]  B. Pentland Building Process Theory with Narrative: from Description to Explanation , 1999 .

[156]  E. Mishler,et al.  Models of narrative analysis: A typology. , 1995 .

[157]  L. Smircich Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis. , 1983 .

[158]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live By , 1980 .

[159]  R. Marshak Managing the metaphors of change , 1993 .

[160]  B. Sletto,et al.  Educating Reflective Practitioners: Learning to Embrace the Unexpected through Service Learning , 2010 .

[161]  David Snowden,et al.  Narrative Patterns: Uses of Story in the Third Age of Knowledge Management , 2002, J. Inf. Knowl. Manag..

[162]  J. Brown,et al.  Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation , 1991 .

[163]  E. Siegelman Metaphor and Meaning in Psychotherapy , 1990 .

[164]  Celia V. Harquail,et al.  Construing Organizational Identity: The Role of Embodied Cognition , 2010 .

[165]  Yiannis Gabriel Myths, stories, and organizations : premodern narratives for our times , 2004 .

[166]  H. Goodall From Tales of the Field to Tales of the Future , 2010 .

[167]  Elinor Ochs,et al.  Living Narrative: Creating Lives in Everyday Storytelling , 2001 .