A Dual-Band Millimeter-Wave CMOS Oscillator With Left-Handed Resonator

A new technique using a left-handed (LH) resonator to generate a multiband millimeter-wave carrier signal is proposed in this paper. The LH resonator exhibits nonlinear dispersion characteristic, which enables uneven spacing between resonant frequencies. With N stages of the LH unit cell, there are N/2 +1 resonant frequencies from the nonlinear dispersion curve. Moreover, the band selection switches are not located in the signal path, which can, therefore, dramatically reduce the size of switches and improve the overall quality factor of the resonator. A dual-band millimeter-wave oscillator in digital 90-nm CMOS technology is implemented to demonstrate this new technique. Using a mode selection switch, the proposed oscillator operates at 21.3 and 55.3 GHz, respectively, with a total power consumption of 14 mW.

[1]  H.-M. Rein,et al.  Fully integrated SiGe VCOs with powerful output buffer for 77-GHz automotive Radar systems and applications around 100 GHz , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[2]  Daquan Huang,et al.  A 60GHz CMOS VCO Using On-Chip Resonator with Embedded Artificial Dielectric for Size, Loss and Noise Reduction , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[3]  Mau-Chung Frank Chang,et al.  Terahertz CMOS Frequency Generator Using Linear Superposition Technique , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[4]  A.M. Niknejad,et al.  A tapered cascaded multi-stage distributed amplifier with 370GHz GBW in 90nm CMOS , 2008, 2008 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[5]  T. Itoh,et al.  Composite right/left-handed transmission line metamaterials , 2004, IEEE Microwave Magazine.

[6]  Jason Cong,et al.  CMP network-on-chip overlaid with multi-band RF-interconnect , 2008, 2008 IEEE 14th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture.

[7]  T. Itoh,et al.  NOVEL ZEROTH-ORDER RESONANCE IN COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT- HANDED TRANSMISSION LINE RESONATORS , 2003 .

[8]  P. Heydari,et al.  A BiCMOS Dual-Band Millimeter-Wave Frequency Synthesizer for Automotive Radars , 2009, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[9]  Liang-Hung Lu,et al.  Design of Wide-Tuning-Range Millimeter-Wave CMOS VCO With a Standing-Wave Architecture , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[10]  Sanggeun Jeon,et al.  Fully integrated frequency and phase generation for a 6–18GHz tunable multi-band phased-array receiver in CMOS , 2008, 2008 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[11]  K. O. Kenneth,et al.  Millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillators in 0.13-μm CMOS technology , 2006, IEEE J. Solid State Circuits.

[12]  M. Hella,et al.  A Dual Band, Wide Tuning Range CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator for Multi-Band Radio , 2007, 2007 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium.

[13]  Zhenbiao Li,et al.  A low-phase-noise and low-power multiband CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator , 2005, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[14]  M. Tiebout.  A CMOS fully integrated 1 GHz and 2 GHz dual band VCO with a voltage controlled inductor , 2002, Proceedings of the 28th European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[15]  Asad A. Abidi,et al.  RF-CMOS oscillators with switched tuning , 1998, Proceedings of the IEEE 1998 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (Cat. No.98CH36143).

[16]  P.F.M. Smulders,et al.  Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access: prospects and future directions , 2002, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[17]  A. Goel,et al.  Frequency Switching in Dual-Resonance Oscillators , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  Tatsuo Itoh,et al.  A dual band mm-wave CMOS oscillator with left-handed resonator , 2009, 2009 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.

[19]  A. Bevilacqua,et al.  A 3.4-7 GHz Transformer-Based Dual-mode Wideband VCO , 2006, 2006 Proceedings of the 32nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference.

[20]  Bo Liang,et al.  A Fully Integrated 14-Band 3.1-to-10.6GHz 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS UWB RF Transceiver , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[21]  Alberto Valdes-Garcia,et al.  An 11-Band 3–10 GHz Receiver in SiGe BiCMOS for Multiband OFDM UWB Communication , 2007, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[22]  Xiang Guan,et al.  A 24-GHz CMOS front-end , 2004, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[23]  Takashi Ohira,et al.  Rigorous Q-factor formulation for one- and two-port passive linear networks from an oscillator noise spectrum viewpoint , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[24]  John Rogers,et al.  A Fully Integrated 14 Band, 3.1 to 10.6 GHz 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS UWB RF Transceiver , 2008, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[25]  Jonathan Borremans,et al.  A Single-Inductor Dual-Band VCO in a 0.06mm2 5.6GHz Multi-Band Front-End in 90nm Digital CMOS , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers.

[26]  Yu Wang,et al.  Simultaneous sub-harmonic injection-locked mm-wave frequency generators for multi-band communications in CMOS , 2008, 2008 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium.