Diversity Thresholds: How Social Norms, Visibility, and Scrutiny Relate to Group Composition

Across a field study and four experiments, we examine how social norms and scrutiny affect decisions about adding members of underrepresented populations (e.g., women, racial minorities) to groups....

[1]  Raina A. Brands,et al.  Leaning Out: How Negative Recruitment Experiences Shape Women’s Decisions to Compete for Executive Roles , 2017 .

[2]  E. Paluck,et al.  The Effect of a Supreme Court Decision Regarding Gay Marriage on Social Norms and Personal Attitudes , 2017, Psychological science.

[3]  Lisa M. Leslie,et al.  Why and When Does the Gender Gap Reverse? Diversity Goals and the Pay Premium for High Potential Women , 2017 .

[4]  Karen A. Jehn,et al.  A review of perceived diversity in teams: Does how members perceive their team's composition affect team processes and outcomes? , 2016 .

[5]  Bradley R. Staats,et al.  Motivating Process Compliance through Individual Electronic Monitoring: An Empirical Examination of Hand Hygiene in Healthcare , 2015, Manag. Sci..

[6]  D. Schrage,et al.  Rage against the Iron Cage , 2015 .

[7]  Lamar Pierce,et al.  Cleaning House: The Impact of Information Technology Monitoring on Employee Theft and Productivity , 2014, Manag. Sci..

[8]  Devin G. Pope,et al.  Reference-Dependent Preferences: Evidence from Marathon Runners , 2014, Manag. Sci..

[9]  Brayden G. King,et al.  Keeping up Appearances , 2013 .

[10]  Stephen M. Bainbridge,et al.  Boards-R-Us: Reconceptualizing Corporate Boards , 2013 .

[11]  Amalia R. Miller,et al.  A Female Style in Corporate Leadership? Evidence from Quotas , 2012 .

[12]  Michael D. Pfarrer,et al.  Managing the Message: The Effects of Firm Actions and Industry Spillovers on Media Coverage Following Wrongdoing , 2012 .

[13]  E. Paluck,et al.  The salience of social referents: a field experiment on collective norms and harassment behavior in a school social network. , 2012, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[14]  E. Knowles,et al.  Diversity Is What You Want It to Be , 2012, Psychological science.

[15]  Mark P. Sharfman,et al.  Legitimacy, Visibility, and the Antecedents of Corporate Social Performance: An Investigation of the Instrumental Perspective , 2011 .

[16]  Vinit M. Desai,et al.  Mass Media and Massive Failures: Determining Organizational Efforts to Defend Field Legitimacy Following Crises , 2011 .

[17]  Morten Huse,et al.  Women Directors on Corporate Boards: From Tokenism to Critical Mass , 2011 .

[18]  T. Moskowitz,et al.  Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behind How Sports Are Played and Games Are Won , 2011 .

[19]  Devin G. Pope,et al.  Round Numbers as Goals , 2011, Psychological science.

[20]  Emilio J. Castilla,et al.  The Paradox of Meritocracy in Organizations , 2010 .

[21]  Miguel M. Unzueta,et al.  Which racial groups are associated with diversity? , 2010, Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology.

[22]  Scott Highhouse,et al.  An Organizational Impression Management Perspective on the Formation of Corporate Reputations , 2009 .

[23]  Miguel M. Unzueta,et al.  Diversity is in the Eye of the Beholder: How Majority and Minority Group Members Define Diversity , 2009 .

[24]  Lamar Pierce,et al.  Robin Hood Under the Hood: Wealth-Based Discrimination in Illicit Customer Help , 2009, Organ. Sci..

[25]  Joshua D. Angrist,et al.  Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion , 2008 .

[26]  J. Angrist.  Mostly Harmless Econometrics , 2008 .

[27]  K. M. Kacmar,et al.  A Multi-Level Review of Impression Management Motives and Behaviors , 2008 .

[28]  Renée B. Adams,et al.  Women in the Boardroom and Their Impact on Governance and Performance , 2008 .

[29]  Noah J. Goldstein,et al.  A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels , 2008 .

[30]  Brayden G. King,et al.  A Political Mediation Model of Corporate Response to Social Movement Activism , 2008 .

[31]  Henrich R. Greve,et al.  A Behavioral Theory of Firm Growth: Sequential Attention to Size and Performance Goals , 2008 .

[32]  Alison M. Konrad,et al.  Critical Mass:: The Impact of Three or More Women on Corporate Boards , 2008 .

[33]  Joyce M. Bell,et al.  Diversity in Everyday Discourse: The Cultural Ambiguities and Consequences of “Happy Talk” , 2007 .

[34]  John L. Campbell.  Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? an institutional theory of corporate social responsibility , 2007 .

[35]  Robert B. Cialdini,et al.  Descriptive Social Norms as Underappreciated Sources of Social Control , 2007 .

[36]  Vladas Griskevicius,et al.  The Constructive, Destructive, and Reconstructive Power of Social Norms , 2007, Psychological science.

[37]  C. Fombrun,et al.  Corporate Citizenship: Creating Intangible Assets Across Institutional Environments , 2006 .

[38]  Derek R. Avery,et al.  TARGET PRACTICE: AN ORGANIZATIONAL IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO ATTRACTING MINORITY AND FEMALE JOB APPLICANTS , 2006 .

[39]  S. Karau,et al.  PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN , 1999 .

[40]  Ruth V. Aguilera,et al.  Putting the S Back in Corporate Social Responsibility: a Multi-Level Theory of Social Change in Organizations , 2004 .

[41]  Timothy G. Pollock,et al.  Media Legitimation Effects in the Market for Initial Public Offerings , 2003 .

[42]  Derek R. Avery.  Reactions to diversity in recruitment advertising--are differences black and white? , 2003, The Journal of applied psychology.

[43]  Mark Simon,et al.  The Relationship between Overconfidence and the Introduction of Risky Products: Evidence from a Field Study , 2003 .

[44]  E. A. Locke,et al.  Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey. , 2002, The American psychologist.

[45]  C. Ahmadjian,et al.  Safety in Numbers: Downsizing and the Deinstitutionalization of Permanent Employment in Japan , 2001 .

[46]  Carl A. Kallgren,et al.  A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: When Norms Do and Do not Affect Behavior , 2000 .

[47]  Frances J. Milliken,et al.  Cognition and corporate governance: Understanding boards of directors as strategic decision making groups , 1999 .

[48]  Richard P. Larrick,et al.  Goals as Reference Points , 1999, Cognitive Psychology.

[49]  Nancy E. Grund.  Reputation: Realizing Value from the Corporate Image , 1996 .

[50]  Deborah A. Prentice,et al.  Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. , 1993, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[51]  Kimberly D. Elsbach,et al.  Acquiring Organizational Legitimacy Through Illegitimate Actions: A Marriage of Institutional and Impression Management Theories , 1992 .

[52]  Barry M. Staw,et al.  Dressing Up Like an Organization: When Psychological Theories Can Explain Organizational Action , 1991 .

[53]  Carl A. Kallgren,et al.  A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. , 1990 .

[54]  C. Fombrun,et al.  What's in a Name? Reputation Building and Corporate Strategy , 1990 .

[55]  J. Carson.  Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method , 1982 .

[56]  Reuven Y. Rubinstein,et al.  Simulation and the Monte Carlo method , 1981, Wiley series in probability and mathematical statistics.

[57]  R. Kanter.  Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women , 1977, American Journal of Sociology.

[58]  L. Festinger.  A Theory of Social Comparison Processes , 1954 .

[59]  Judd B. Kessler,et al.  Can Social Information Affect What Job You Choose and Keep , 2017 .

[60]  David Gaddis Ross,et al.  Is there an implicit quota on women in top management? A large-sample statistical analysis , 2016 .

[61]  S. Brammer,et al.  Firm size, organizational visibility and corporate philanthropy: An empirical analysis , 2006 .

[62]  Janet K. Swim,et al.  Excuse me : What did you just say?! : Women's public and private responses to sexist remarks , 1999 .

[63]  R. Cialdini,et al.  Social influence: Social norms, conformity and compliance. , 1998 .

[64]  Kimberly D. Elsbach,et al.  Averting Expected Challenges Through Anticipatory Impression Management: a Study of Hospital Billing , 1998 .

[65]  Carl A. Kallgren,et al.  A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct: A Theoretical Refinement and Reevaluation of the Role of Norms in Human Behavior , 1991 .

[66]  C. Oliver.  STRATEGIC RESPONSES TO INSTITUTIONAL PROCESSES , 1991 .

[67]  Robin M. Kowalski,et al.  Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. , 1990 .

[68]  L. Doob.  The psychology of social norms. , 1937 .

[69]  R. Cialdini.  CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE Crafting Normative Messages to Protect the Environment , 2022 .