Cuticle and cuticular wax development in the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pericarp grown at the field under a moderate water deficit

La presencia de ceras en el pericarpo de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.) es un caracter morfologico que interfiere en la calidad del aceite y varia con las condiciones de manejo del cultivo. Se estudio el efecto de un deficit hidrico moderado (MWD) sobre el desarrollo del espesor de la cuticula y el contenido de las ceras cuticulares en el pericarpo de girasol de dos hibridos, desde la antesis temprana hasta la antesis tardia. El ensayo fue repetido durante dos anos consecutivos (Experimentos I y II, respectivamente). En ambos experimentos, a la madurez de cosecha (HM), las plantas que crecieron bajo MWD presentaron mayor contenido de ceras cuticulares (31-47%) y mayor espesor de cuticula (13%) respecto de las plantas control. Los cristales de ceras epicuticulares presentaron morfologia granular. Asimismo se observo sobre la superficie del pericarpo, un gradiente decreciente en la acumulacion de ceras epicuticulares en sentido basipeto del fruto. Se determino una reduccion de ceras cuticulares (CW) del 29% (mg CW/g pericarpo) en el fruto desde el estadio reproductivo R6 (flores liguladas no turgentes) hasta la HM (11% de contenido de humedad en el fruto) en el Experimento I, y del 11% desde R6 a R9 (madurez fisiologica) en el Experimento II. Esta reduccion fue atribuida al efecto erosivo ocasionado por las particulas transportadas por el viento y la lluvia durante la maduracion del fruto. Estos resultados muestran de que forma los mecanismos internos y las variables externas pueden regular el contenido de ceras en el pericarpo, y como la deshidratacion del fruto afecta la calidad y cantidad de ceras desde la fertilizacion hasta la madurez

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